The study focused on adequacy of Information Technology (IT) facilities for teaching electrical installation and maintenance works in Technical Colleges in Lagos State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised Six (6) Technical Colleges in Lagos State. Sample size and sampling technique was six (6) Technical Colleges. Two specific objectives and two research questions guided the study. Also, two hypotheses were stated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument for data collection was a self-constructed questionnaire titled; IT Facilities Observational Schedule..........

[1]. Abubakar, M.S. (2000). The challenges of revitalizing the polytechnic curriculum. Paper presented at the 2nd National Seminar on Strategies for Updating and Modernizing Science and Technology Education, held a t IMT Enugu, from 8th –11th August.
[2]. Ajayi, I. A. & Ekundayo, H. T. (2009). The application of information and communication technology in Nigerian secondary schools. International NGO Journal,4(5), 281-286.
[3]. Apulu, I. & Latham, A. (2009). Information and communication technology adoption: Challenges for Nigerian SMEs. TMC Academic Journal, 4(2), 64-80.
[4]. Asukwo, A. E. (2018). Adequacy of instructional facilities in electronics workshop practice and maintenance for students' acquisition of trade skills in technical colleges in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Equatorial Journal of Education and Curriculum Studies, 3(1)1- 14.
[5]. Babajide, V. F. T. & Bolaji, O.A. (2003). Perception of lectures and service teachers towards the use of communication media in teaching pore and applied science related disciple. 44th Annual STAN Conference Proceedings, 33-36.

Modern library infrastructures face significant operational hurdles, primarily the labour intensive nature of manual inventory audits and the persistent issue of misplaced volumes, which renders collections inaccessible to patrons. This paper proposes an IoT-based Smart Library Shelf Scanner and Book Tracking System designed to automate the monitoring and localization of library assets in real time.........

[1]. www..wikipedia.org – Library
[2]. Psion Teklogix handheld reader manual – www.psionteklogix.com
[3]. Next-Generation Library information service - 'Smart Library' by Byung-Won Min, Department of Information Communication Engineering, Mokwon University
[4]. An IOT Based Secured Smart Library System With NFC Based Book Trackingby A. LarsanAro Brian II ECE, College of Engineering Guindy, University Departments of Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. L. Arockiam Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, St. Josephs College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. P. D. Sheba KeziaMalarchelvi Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.

The increasing demand for reliable and efficient power management in industrial and commercial environments has made controlled operation of three-phase loads essential. Conventional manual switching methods often lead to operational inefficiencies, inconsistent load management, and increased risk of equipment damage due to improper handling. The absence of structured timing control can result in unnecessary energy consumption, reduced equipment lifespan, and safety concerns in high-power applications.........

[1]. B.L. Theraja and A.K. Theraja, A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand Publications
[2]. V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, Principles of Power System, S. Chand Publications
[3]. GIC (General Industrial Controls), Digital Timer User Manual
[4]. Siemens / L&T, Contactor Technical Datasheet (45A, 3 Pole, 415V)
[5]. IS Standards for Electrical Installations and Wiring Practices

This study investigated the effects of chemical modification of cassava starch (TME 419) and its synergistic interaction with xanthan gum on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling mud, with emphasis on viscosity enhancement and fluid loss control. Baseline characterization of native cassava starch showed moderate swelling power, low solubility, and a near-neutral pH (6.0–6.8), while carboxymethylation introduced carboxymethyl functional groups (DS 0.10–0.30), improved hydrophilicity, and increased alkalinity (pH 8.0–10.0). Mud samples were formulated using unmodified starch, modified starch, and their blends.........

[1]. Chamorro, A. F., Palencia, M., & Lerma, T. A. (2025). Physicochemical characterization and properties of Cassava Starch: a review. Polymers, 17(12), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17121663
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[3]. Fink, J. K. (2012c). Enhanced oil recovery. In Petroleum engineer's guide to oil field chemicals and fluids (pp. 459–517). Boston, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing.
[4]. Kelessidis, V. C., Christidis, G. E., Makri, P., Chatzistamou, V., Tsamantaki, C., & Foscolos, A. E. (2007). Rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids enhanced with CMC and PAC polymers. Applied Clay Science, 38(1–2), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2007.03.006
[5]. Reis, R. P. D., & Pimentel, N. (2021). Exploration and production of petroleum. In Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals (pp. 1–9). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71064-8_45-1

This paper comes up with a consolidated healthcare supply chain management (HSCM) model that optimizes procurement, inventory, and distribution decisions in uncertain demand, resource availability, and carbon emission concerns. The model relies on the dual-rate production inventory theory, which has been adjusted and applied to the healthcare setting that consists of hospitals, suppliers, and logistics providers. The model includes cost elements of medical stock holding, workforce usage, fluctuation in patient requirement, reliability of the vendors, and sustainability........

[1]. Ali, I., & Kannan, D. (2022). Mapping research on healthcare operations and supply chain management: a topic modelling-based literature review. Annals of Operations Research, 315(1), 29-55.
[2]. Clauson, K. A., Breeden, E. A., Davidson, C., & Mackey, T. K. (2018). Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare:: An exploration of challenges and opportunities in the health supply chain. Blockchain in healthcare today.
[3]. Debnath, B., Bari, A. M., Haq, M. M., de Jesus Pacheco, D. A., & Khan, M. A. (2023). An integrated stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis and weighted aggregated sum product assessment framework for sustainable supplier selection in the healthcare supply chains. Supply chain analytics, 1, 100001.
[4]. Gamal, A., Abd El-Gawad, A. F., & Abouhawwash, M. (2023). Towards a responsive resilient supply chain based on industry 5.0: A case study in healthcare systems. Neutrosophic Systems with Applications, 2, 8-24.
[5]. Khorasani, S. T., Cross, J., & Maghazei, O. (2020). Lean supply chain management in healthcare: a systematic review and meta-study. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 11(1), 1-34.

Crude distillation processes generate significant quantities of excess heat that are often wasted due to inefficient heat exchanger networks (HENs) and outdated process configurations. In response to escalating energy costs and stringent environmental policies, the adoption of systematic energy integration techniques such as pinch technology has become increasingly essential. This study applies pinch technology to a crude distillation process with the aim of minimizing external utility consumption and enhancing energy efficiency through effective heat integration. The objectives include assessing the existing heat exchanger networks, identifying the pinch point, determining the maximum energy recovery potential, and redesigning the network to achieve optimal thermal..........

[1]. European Commission. (2015). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas (REF BREF). Publications Office of the European Union.
[2]. Gary, J. H., Handwerk, G. E., & Kaiser, M. J. (2007). Petroleum refining: Technology and economics (5th ed.). CRC Press
[3]. Incropera, F. P., DeWitt, D. P., Bergman, T. L., & Lavine, A. S. (2017). Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
[4]. Jassim, M. S., & Altaie, A. M. (2020). Energy optimization of crude distillation unit using pinch technology. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(2), 79–92.
[5]. Klemeš, J. J., Varbanov, P. S., & Walmsley, T. G. (2018). Process integration and intensification: Saving energy, water and resources. De Gruyter

This paper analyzes the current situation of child care and education in working families in industrial parks in Vietnam, and identifies the main factors affecting the quality of care and educational outcomes of children. The study uses a mixed approach, combining quantitative surveys with in-depth interviews to comprehensively reflect the living conditions, family environment and access to social services of this group of subjects. The results show that children in industrial park worker families are facing many limitations, including a reduced parental care time due to labor characteristics, insecure living conditions, and a lack of appropriate education and childcare services........

[1]. International Labour Organization. (2025). Key findings on the situation of working children and child labour in Viet Nam in 2023. ILO.
[2]. International Labour Organization. (2018). Viet Nam national child labour survey 2018. ILO.
[3]. UNICEF. (2023). Child labour in Viet Nam. UNICEF.
[4]. International Labour Organization. (2025). Viet Nam marks 25 years of action to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. ILO.
[5]. Understanding Children's Work Programme. (2009). Understanding children's work in Viet Nam. UCW Programme.

Judicial delay in India has emerged as a critical challenge undermining the effectiveness of the justice delivery system. With a massive backlog of pending cases across various levels of courts, the principle of timely justice is increasingly compromised. This study examines the multifaceted causes of judicial delay, including structural issues such as shortage of judges and inadequate infrastructure, procedural complexities like frequent adjournments and prolonged appeals, and administrative inefficiencies. It also highlights the role of external factors such as excessive government litigation and lack of legal awareness among citizens........

[1]. Datta, P., Prakash, B.S., & Sane, R. (2017). Understanding Judicial Delay at the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in India.
[2]. Datta, P., Prakash B S, S., & Sane, R. (2017). Understanding Judicial Delay through Hazard Models: Analysis of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in India. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[3]. Pandey, A., & Srivastava, D.R. (2025). Judicial Approach Towards Victim Compensation In India. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews.
[4]. Bakshi, N., Randhawa, R.S., Gupta, S., & Sidana, A. (2021). Reducing Judicial Delay in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Data-Driven Queueing Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[5]. Sharma, T. (2025). The Currency of Delay: A Political Economy Analysis of Judicial Incentives in Indian High Courts. GNLU Journal of Law and Economics.

Effective marksmanship development depends on repetitive practice, immediate feedback, and stable training conditions. Although live-fire exercises remain the benchmark for realism, they are often constrained by ammunition cost, infrastructure requirements, safety regulations, and limited training access [3], [7], [8]. These constraints have accelerated the development of simulation-based training platforms, particularly laser-assisted systems supported by computer vision and artificial intelligence. Laser-based shooting simulators integrated with artificial intelligence, computer vision, and digital performance analytics have emerged as promising alternatives for safe, scalable, and accessible skill development.......

[1]. R. Girardi et al., "Virtual reality simulator for military shooting training," ACM VRST, 2022.
[2]. A. Sudiarno et al., "Virtual reality shooting games for military training," International Journal of Technology, 2024.
[3]. A. Soetedjo and B. Nurcahyo, "Development of a laser pointer shooting simulator," IEEE Simulation Conference, 2011.
[4]. S. H. Sun, "Image capturing system for firearms training simulators," WSEAS Transactions on Systems, 2020.
[5]. R. Johnson et al., "Impact of VR firearms training on marksmanship," Military Medicine, 2019.

Clinical practice is based on communication, and patients with speech, language, or communication needs (SLCN) are exposed to systemic obstacles that lead to a loss of autonomy and diagnostic accuracy. The presented academic literature review will discuss the disruptive character of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the assistive communication technology and will leave the traditional rule-based Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) behind in favor of the dynamic and deep-learning-based technology. This article is based on a recent literature review (published in 2019-2025) and focuses on the possibility of implementing...........

[1]. Al-Araimi, A., Zheng, Y., & Liu, H. (2024). Communication Platform for Non-verbal Autistic children in Oman using Android mobile. Presented at Annual Conference of the Association for Learning Technology 2024.
[2]. Alnafjan, A., Alghamdi, M., Alhakbani, N., & Al-Ohali, Y. (2025). Improving Imitation Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the NAO Robot and a Human Action Recognition. Diagnostics, 15(1), 60.
[3]. Annapoorna, E., Nikhil, B. J., Kashyap, B., Abhishek, J., & Vadlapatla, T. S. S. (2023). Hand Gesture Recognition and Conversion to Speech for Speech Impaired. E3S Web of Conferences, 391, 01148.
[4]. Cassidy, S. A., Stenger, B., Van Dongen, L., Yanagisawa, K., Anderson, R., Wan, V., Baron-Cohen, S., & Cipolla, R. (2015). Expressive visual text-to-speech as an assistive technology for individuals with autism spectrum conditions. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 148, 193–200.
[5]. Choi, D., Park, S., Lee, K., Hong, H., & Kim, Y.-H. (2025). AACessTalk: Fostering Communication between Minimally Verbal Autistic Children and Parents with Contextual Guidance and Card Recommendation. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Article 222). ACM.

Evaluating the entrepreneurial performance of international high school students can help improve the quality of talent cultivation in international secondary education. This study constructs a multidimensional indicator system, including curriculum support, student enrollment, venture duration, mean comprehensive performance, threshold equivalence, and academic performance, and applies the entropy weight method to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and ranking of student entrepreneurial performance across eight international high schools in the Yangtze River Delta region. Composite evaluation scores are calculated for each school, on the basis of which the schools are ranked accordingly............

[1]. Council for Economic Education. National Economic Challenge[EB/OL]. [2026-02-27]. https://www.councilforeconed.org/programs/for-students/national-economic-challenge/.
[2]. Zhang L Q. The Content Structure of High School Students' Entrepreneurial Competence and Its Related Research[D]. Kaifeng: Henan University, 2011.
[3]. Li X, Zeng Z F. An Empirical Study on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in Application-Oriented Undergraduate Universities—From the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior[J]. Journal of Hanjiang Normal University, 2025, 45(5): 131-135. https://doi.org/10.19575/j.cnki.cn42-1892/g4.2025.05.020.
[4]. Marsh H W, Kleitman S. Extracurricular school activities: The good, the bad, and the nonlinear[J]. American Educational Research Journal, 2002, 39(2): 464-514.
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The rapid expansion of solar power generation has increased the complexity of operating and maintaining large, geographically distributed solar plants. Traditional monitoring methods and rule-based SCADA systems generate massive volumes of data but often fail to convert this data into timely, actionable insights for Remote Operations Centers (ROCs). As a result, delayed fault detection, reactive maintenance, and increased downtime continue to impact energy yield and financial performance. This project, titled "AI as a Co-Pilot: The Future of Remote Operations for Solar Fleets", explores the role of Artificial Intelligence as a decision-support...........

[1]. S. Mekhilef, R. Saidur, and A. Safari, "A Review on Solar Energy Use in Industries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1777–1790, 2011.
[2]. International Energy Agency, "Renewables 2023: Analysis and Forecast to 2028," IEA Publications, 2023. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, "Photovoltaics Report," 2024
[3]. American Green Solutions LLC, "AI as a Co-Pilot: The Future of Remote Operations for Solar Fleets," LinkedIn, Dec. 19, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7407823323205644 288
[4]. J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman, "Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes," 4th Edition, Wiley, 2013.
[5]. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), "Best Practices in PV System Operations and Maintenance," 2022.

Globally, the two major environmental challenges faced are waste generation and dependency on fossil fuels. With the significant rise in industrialization and population, the quantities of both industrial and municipal waste have increased, while fossil fuels remain the dominant energy source. This challenge has created a need for sustainable waste management methods, along with advancements in the cleaning of alternative fuels. Gasification tends to be a prominent solution for converting carbon-based waste material into a valuable synthetic gas, also called as syngas, which primarily consists of hydrogen(H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)...........

[1]. Persson, P.O. (2005). Environmental protection technology, Strategies & technology for sustainable environmental protection. Compendium in environmental protection.
[2]. Stockholm: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, 2005; 7th ed.
[3]. Bakker, S., van Lente, H. & Meeus, M.T.H. (2012). Dominance in the prototyping phase— The case of hydrogen passenger cars. Research Policy, 41 (5), 871-883.
[4]. Holladay, J.D., Hu, J., King, D.L., & Wang, Y. (2009). An overview of hydrogen production technologies. Catalysis Today, 139 (4), 244-260. Hoornweg, D. & BhadaTata, P. (2012). What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. World Bank.
[5]. He, M., Xiao, B., Hu, Z., Liu, S., Guo, X. & Luo, S. (2009b). Syngas production from catalytic gasification of waste polyethene: Influence of temperature on gas yield and composition. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34 (1), 1342-1348.

This study investigated the extraction, characterization, and application of Ukpo (Horse Eye Bean -Mucuna sloanei) and melon husk seed oil as alternative base fluids for drilling mud formulation. Oil was extracted at varying temperatures (50–70°C) and extraction times (15–35 minutes) using petroleum ether as solvent. The physicochemical properties of the extracted oils were analyzed and compared with conventional base fluids such as diesel and crude oil. Results showed that oil yield increased progressively with both temperature and time, with maximum extraction observed at 70°C and 35 minutes...........

[1]. Oseh, J. O., et al. (2019). Performance evaluation of a benign oil-based mud from non-edible sweet almond oil. SPE Paper 198717.
[2]. Olaitan, M. O., Orodu, D. O., &Ehinmowo, A. B. (2017). Experimental investigation of limonene-based environmentally friendly emulsion drilling mud. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10, 611–621. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2017.611.621
[3]. Hussein, A. O., & Amin, R. M. (2012). Density measurement of vegetable and mineral-based oil used in drilling fluid. SPE Conference Proceedings.
[4]. Ananwe, P. A. L., Efeovbokhan, V. E., Ayoola, A. A., &Akpanobong, O. (2014). Investigated alternatives to diesel in oil-based drilling mud formulation used in the oil industry. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(14), 70–77.
[5]. Caenn, R., Darley, H. C. H., & Gray, G. R. (2011). Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids (6th ed.). Gulf Professional Publishing.

This research explores how the quality, design, and maintenance of public spaces influence social interaction and community life. The study focuses on understanding which spatial and environmental factors motivate people to use public areas and engage with others. Data was collected through an online questionnaire distributed among residents of different European cities, including Sarajevo, Graz, Vienna, Brussels, and others, with a total of 41 participants............

[1]. Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T., Tiesdell, S. 2010. Public places, urban spaces: The dimensions of urban design. Routledge.
[2]. Dines, N., Vermeulen, F. 2020. Social inclusion and the urban public realm: Spaces of encounter in contemporary cities. Urban Studies. 57(9), 1874–1890.
[3]. Gehl, J. 2011. Life between buildings: Using public space. Island Press.
[4]. Jacobs, J. 1961. The death and life of great American cities. Random House.
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Healthcare systems play a vital role in improving human quality of life; however, they face numerous challenges such as inefficient data management, lack of timely diagnosis, limited accessibility, and inadequate patient monitoring. This paper proposes an AI-Based Integrated Healthcare System that leverages Artificial Intelligence, data analytics, and modern web technologies to create a smart, efficient, and centralized healthcare platform. The proposed system integrates multiple healthcare services into a unified interface, enabling seamless interaction among patients, doctors, and administrators..........

[1]. A. Kumar et al., "AI-Based Smart Healthcare Monitoring System," International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET), vol. 13, no. 1, Jan. 2025.
[2]. R. Sharma and P. Gupta, "Integrated AI Healthcare System for Disease Prediction," International Journal of Innovative Research in
Technology (IJIRT), vol. 12, no. 6, Jun. 2025.
[3]. S. Patel et al., "IoT and AI-Based Remote Patient Monitoring System," International Journal of Engineering Research (IJER), vol.
11, no. 7, Jul. 2024.
[4]. M. Chen and L. Wang, "AI-Powered Clinical Decision Support System," Elsevier Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 158, Dec.
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Hydrocarbon pollution remains one of the most critical environmental challenges, especially in oil-producing regions such as the Niger Delta, where frequent oil spills and artisanal refining activities have led to severe soil degradation, loss of fertility, and ecological imbalance. Conventional remediation techniques, though effective, are often costly, time-consuming, and environmentally unsustainable. This study investigated the bioremediation potential of citrus fruit albedo, a waste by-product of citrus processing, as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Loamy soil samples collected from Agbonchia in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State were artificially contaminated with crude oil and treated...........

[1]. Akinola, M. O., Ogundipe, M. H., &Abolusoro, O. A. (2021). Assessment of agro-wastes in the bioremediation of oil-polluted soils: A review. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 23, 101568.
[2]. Akpoveta, O. V., Egharevba, F., Medjor, O. W., Osaro, K. I., &Enyemike, E. D. (2011). Microbial degradation and its kinetics on crude oil polluted soil. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(6), 8–14.
[3]. Al-Dhabaan, F. A. &Bakhali, A. H. (2017). Biosorption of crude oil using agricultural waste materials as biosorbents. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14(7), 1365–1374.
[4]. Alexander, M. (1999). Biodegradation and Bioremediation (2nd ed.). Academic Press.
[5]. Alrumman, S. A., Standing, D. B., & Paton, G. I. (2015). Effects of hydrocarbon contamination on soil microbial community and enzyme activity. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 105, 268–276.

This paper represents a smart IoT-based pulse monitoring and emergency alert system proposed to support continuous health observation and time to time assistance. A wearable device is built using ESP32 platform that measures vital signs such as heart rate and body temperature, where an integrated GPS module tracks the user's location in real time. Here, the sensed data is safely uploaded to a Firebase Realtime Database, that enables quick and dependable cloud synchronization. Coming to backend part, incoming readings are evaluated using predefined threshold values to categorize the user's condition as normal..........

[1] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, and M. Palaniswami, "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1645–1660, 2013.
[2] S. M. R. Islam, D. Kwak, M. H. Kabir, M. Hossain, and K. S. Kwak, "The Internet of Things for health care: A comprehensive survey," IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 678–708, 2015.
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This research study was carried out in order to comply with environmental regulations requiring to minimize the spread of carcinogenic substances from gasoline, which arguably is caused by the benzene content of the reformates. The reformates are liquid products of the catalytic reforming unit in the refinery and because of its high-octane number rating, it is used as blending stocks for generating high octane gasoline. Therefore, a comprehensive simulation and optimization framework for the catalytic reforming reactors was developed, targeted on reducing the benzene content of the reformate...........

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Reliable fault diagnosis in high-voltage transmission systems is essential for maintaining the stability and security of modern power networks. This study presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based approach for fault detection, classification, and location on a 330 kV transmission line. The Onitsha–Agu Awka–Nibo transmission network was used as the case study system. Transmission line parameters were modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, and per-unit values of three-phase voltages and currents were extracted as input features for the ANN. A multilayer perceptron neural network trained using the back-propagation algorithm..........

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Hot dry rock (HDR) represents a key clean energy resource essential for achieving the "dual carbon" goals. Conventional Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) face challenges including induced seismicity and fluid loss, positioning closed-loop heat extraction technology as a vital alternative. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and engineering practices of three closed-loop heat extraction technologies: coaxial borehole heat exchangers, U-shaped wells, and super-long gravity heat pipes. The latest achievements in numerical simulation, field testing, and engineering application are critically assessed, and the distinctive..........

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Swarm intelligence is an active area of research. A new algorithm titled Teacher Brother Sister Father Mother Friend Artificial Intelligence Algorithm (TBSFMFAIA) is proposed in this article. The proposed TBSFMFAIA Artificial intelligence algorithm belongs to Human Swarm Optimization (HSO) field.
Keywords—Artificial Intelligence, Swarm Intelligence, Teacher, Brother, Sister, Father, Mother, Friend, TBSFMFAIA

[1] R.V. Rao, V.J. Savsani, D.P. Vakharia, Teaching–learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design
optimization problems, Computer-Aided Design, Volume 43, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 303-315, ISSN 0010-4485,
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February 2024; 2986 (1): 030173. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0197786

The idea that 'service to parents is equivalent to service to all beings' is one of the most important teachings found across many cultures, religions, and philosophical traditions around the world. This paper looks at this idea from many angles — including ancient religious scriptures, modern psychology, philosophy, and sociology — to show that taking care of your parents is not just a family duty. It is, in fact, a way of expressing love and compassion for all living beings, and it is where humans first learn how to serve others............

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[3] Sri Adi Shankaracharya. (8th Century CE). Vivekachudamani. Trans. Swami Madhavananda. Advaita Ashrama, 1921.
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Every single day, millions of people wake up and go to work. Some write computer code. Some manage money. Some run factories. Some teach. Some drive trucks. Some design buildings. They speak many languages — Python, Java, SQL, finance, economics, engineering. But deep down, all of them are trying to do the same two things: (1) be happy in life, and (2) make the people who raised them — their parents — proud and happy............

[1]. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Erlbaum.
[2]. Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity. Westview Press.
[3]. Aristotle. (350 BC/2009). Nicomachean ethics (D. Ross, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
[4]. Bhattacharya, G., Cleland, C., & Holland, S. (2008). Family, school, and neighborhood correlates of self-esteem: A cross-cultural comparative study. Journal of School Health, 78(4), 228–234.
[5]. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.

The WannaCry ransomware attack, which occurred in May 2017, is considered one of the most significant global cyber incidents, affecting over 300,000 systems across more than 150 countries. The attack exploited a vulnerability in the Windows Server Message Block (SMB) protocol using the EternalBlue exploit (CVE-2017-0144), allowing it to spread rapidly across unpatched systems. This paper presents a digital forensic investigation of the WannaCry attack, focusing on its propagation, execution, and impact. The study analyzes various forensic artifacts including malware executables, encrypted files, system logs, and registry changes to understand the behavior of the ransomware............

[1] Microsoft, "WannaCry ransomware attack – Lessons learned," Microsoft Security Blog, June 2017.
[2] US-CERT, "Alert (TA17-132A): Indicators Associated with WannaCry Ransomware," United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team, 2017.
[3] Symantec Security Response, "WannaCry: Ransomware attacks show strong links to Lazarus group," 2017.
[4] Check Point Research, "WannaCry Ransomware – Technical Analysis Report," 2017.
[5] NIST, "Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response (SP 800-86)," National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006.

In recent years, the widespread presence of social media and online shopping has significantly enhanced the availability of fashion trends and related information. However, in spite of the availability of a number of resources on the internet, users often face difficulties in taking proper fashion-related decisions due to the lack of personalized information based on factors such as body type, skin tone, and occasion. Thus, users may face ambiguity and a lack of confidence in their fashion-related decisions............

[1] Y. Hu, X. Yi, and L. S. Davis, "Collaborative Fashion Recommendation: A Functional Tensor Factorization Approach," Proc. ACM Multimedia, 2015, pp. 129–138.
[2] J. Redmon and A. Farhadi, "YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement," arXiv:1804.02767, 2018.
[3] A. Bochkovskiy, C.-Y. Wang, and H.-Y. M. Liao, "YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection," arXiv:2004.10934, 2020.
[4] K. Simonyan and A. Zisserman, "Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition," arXiv:1409.1556, 2014.
[5] K. He, X. Zhang, S. Ren, and J. Sun, "Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition," Proc. CVPR, 2016, pp. 770–778.

In the contemporary business environment characterized by intense competition and rapid digital transformation, organizations increasingly rely on discounts and promotional offers as strategic tools to influence consumer buying behaviour. This study aims to examine the impact of various promotional strategies, including price discounts, cashback offers, buy-one-get-one (BOGO) schemes, seasonal sales, and coupon codes, on consumer purchase decisions, impulse buying tendencies, brand switching behaviour, and overall satisfaction. The research adopts a quantitative approach based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. To enhance analytical robustness and generalizability, the dataset was proportionally expanded to 100 respondents while maintaining the original distribution patterns............

[1]. Agarwal, V. (2024). Impact of festive discounts on consumer purchase behaviour in retail markets. International Journal of
Marketing Research, 12(2), 45–58.
[2]. Amine, A. (1998). Consumers' true brand loyalty: The central role of commitment. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 6(4), 305–319.
https://doi.org/10.1080/096525498346577
[3]. Back, K. J., & Parks, S. C. (2003). A brand loyalty model involving cognitive, affective, and conative brand loyalty. Journal of
Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480030274003
[4]. Batra, R., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating marketing communications: New findings, new lessons, and new ideas. Journal of
Marketing, 80(6), 122–145. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0419
[5]. Blattberg, R. C., &Neslin, S. A. (2000). Sales promotion: Concepts, methods, and strategies. Prentice Hall.

Cancer is a growing global challenge, driving the search for integrative oncology approaches to mitigate toxicities and enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatments. This narrative systematic review analyzes the role of curcumin, a pleiotropic phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa, as a promising adjuvant in cancer treatment. Curcumin acts on multiple molecular targets, inhibiting inflammatory pathways (such as the nuclear factor NF- κB ), suppressing cell proliferation, blocking angiogenesis, and reducing tumor metastasis. Clinical evidence demonstrates that its use in combination with chemotherapy prolongs Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by up to 30% in colorectal and breast cancers............

[1]. AGGARWAL, BB et al. Curcumin suppression of nuclear factor- κ B signaling in myeloid leukemia. Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 270, no. 42, p. 24995-25000, 1995.
[2]. AGGARWAL, BB et al. Curcumin: The Indian solid gold. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology , vol. 595, p. 1-75, 2007.
[3]. ALAGOAS. State Secretariat of Health. Alagoas State Plan for Oncological Care: 2024-2027 . Maceió : SESAU, 2024.
[4]. ANAND, P. et al. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Molecular Pharmaceutics , vol. 4, no. 6, p. 807-818, 2007.
[5]. ANTONY, B. et al. A Pilot Cross-Over Study to Evaluate Human Oral Bioavailability of BCM-95CG. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol. 70, no. 4, p. 445-449, 2008.

This study investigates the mechanical properties and develops predictive response surface models for lateritic soils stabilized with periwinkle shell ash (PSA)-cement blends for sustainable pavement construction. Periwinkle shell ash, an agro-waste material abundantly available in coastal regions, was evaluated as a partial cement replacement to enhance soil properties while reducing environmental impact and construction costs. Using response surface methodology with a four-factor central composite design, 31 experimental runs were conducted to evaluate unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive.........

[1]. Terzaghi Karl, K., Peck Ralph B, R. B., &MesriGholamreza, G. (1996). Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice (3rd ed.). Wiley.
[2]. Bowles Joseph E, J. E. (1997). Foundation Analysis and Design (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
[3]. Neville Adam M, A. M. (2011). Properties of Concrete (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
[4]. Mehta P Kumar, P. K., &Monteiro Paulo J M, P. J. M. (2014). Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
[5]. Little Dallas N, D. N. (1995). Handbook for Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Courses with Lime. Kendall/Hunt.

The global fashion industry is urgently seeking sustainable and circular alternatives to mitigate its heavy environmental impact, which is primarily driven by the resource-intensive nature of traditional natural fibers and the microplastic pollution associated with synthetic textiles. This article highlights the innovative and regenerative potential of bio-fiber extraction from algae and invasive water plants as a critical paradigm shift. Algae-based fibers, derived from rapidly growing, absorbing, and fully biodegradable resources, require no arable land or freshwater...........

[1]. Spagnuolo, C., & Bodelier, P. (2023). Algae-based biofibres: A sustainable alternative for the textile industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 412, 137–145.
[2]. Anonymous, 2025. Retrieved on 3/11/2025 from https://cosh.eco/en/articles/seaweed-textiles-material-research.
[3]. Rajendran, S., Scelsi, L., & Hodzic, A. (2024). Valorization of aquatic weeds: Water hyacinth fiber extraction for sustainable textiles. *Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 39*, e00789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00789
[4]. Baghel, R. S., Reddy, C. R. K., & Jha, B. (2023). Seaweed-based biorefinery for sustainable production of biofibers and biopolymers. *Biotechnology Advances, 62*, 108088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108088
[5]. Ananas Anam. (2025). *Piñatex®: The sustainable leather alternative from pineapple leaves*. https://www.ananas-anam.com/pinatex

The assessment of external piping loads on pressure vessel nozzles remains a persistent challenge in process plant engineering due to the complex structural interaction between piping systems, nozzles, flanges, and vessel shells. Conventional design practices typically depend on iterative coordination between vessel and piping disciplines, often supported by conservative empirical nozzle load tables or post-design verification procedures. While widely applied, these approaches may introduce excessive conservatism, reduce design transparency, and lead to costly late-stage modifications............

[1]. Stikvoort, W. (2021). Study on Load Capacity Limits of Flanged Pressure Vessel Nozzles. Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research, 1, 86–93.
[2]. Stikvoort, W. (2018). Load Capacity Limits of Flanged Pressure Vessel Nozzles. Petrochemical Engineering Journal, 2(3), 1–6.

This project is focused on improving the accuracy of vehicle position and control on real time and comparing these accuracies based on the GPS readings sent to the user phone to be analyzed by the Google map and the GPS reading sent to the Baanool cloud to be analyzed. The main objective of this project is to study Internet of Things (IoTs) using Baanool cloud and use the GPS reading from the GPS module of the Raspberry pi 4 used as the controller to locate on real time the location of the vehicle and equally use the phone user interface with the SIM module of the Raspberry pi 4 and python programming to exert command actions like start, stop, check, tracker and quit engine on the controlled vehicle..........

[1]. Mohamad Izzul Sham Abd Rahman1, Syabillah Sulaiman1* and Muhamad Asri (2023). Remote Vehicle Monitoring System Starting and Tracking Using IoT System. Journal Of Automotive Powertrain And Transportation Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023) 33-41 © Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Publisher's Office JAPTT http://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/japtt Journal of Automotive Powertrain and Transportation Technology e-\: 2821-286X .
[2]. NVIDIA. (2022). Jetson Nano Developer Kit. NVIDIA Developer. https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-nano-developer-kit .
[3]. Ergin, İ. (2021). Nvidia Jetson Nano Developer Kit - Overview. Sixfab. https://sixfab.com/nvidia-jetson-nano-developer-kit-a-powerful-developer-kit-for-ai-robotics/
[4]. Anish Khanal, Manoj Shrestha (2024). Research and Appropriate Implementation on Vehicle Tracking System Using IOT. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com . IJFMR240112591 Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024 BioGecko Vol 12 Issue 02 2023 ISSN NO: 2230-5807 147
[5]. Amarendra Alluri, B.Raju, K.Manoj Kumar, CH.Vinod Kumar, D.Vasantha kumara (2024). Smart Vehicle Speed and Location Tracking System Using IoT. BioGecko Journal for New Zealand Herpetology, Vol 12 Issue 02 2024 ISSN NO: 2230-5807.

This study aims to analyze the strategy to increase the collection of cash waqf in Generation Z in Indonesia through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The research is motivated by the large potential of cash waqf in Indonesia that is not optimal, especially among the digital young generation. Generation Z as a digital native has different characteristics compared to the previous generation in financial behavior and philanthropy, so it requires an approach to waqf collection that is adaptive to the development of digital technology.............

[1]. Al-Daihani, M., Abdullah, A. S. B. C., & Madun, A. (2023). Donors' intention to use waqf-based crowdfunding in Kuwait extension the theory of the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i1/15843
[2]. Al-Daihani, M., Abdullah, A. S. C., & Madun, A. (2024). Donors' intentions to use crowdfunding-based waqf model in Kuwait: Application of unified theory on acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(10), 2461–2480. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2023-0022
[3]. Asni, F., Noor, A. M., & Hasbulah, M. H. (2023). Management of cash waqf fund generation through the implementation of istibdal in Kedah. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 16(1), 60–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-03-2022-0048
[4]. Azizan, N. A., Muhamat, A. A., Alwi, S. F. S., Ali, H., & Abdullah, A. Q. C. (2021). Revitalising waqf (endowment) lands for agribusiness: Potentials of the anchor company models. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 12(3), 345–370. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-05-2021-0128

Hybrid renewable energy systems using solar and wind energy are becoming increasingly important due to growing energy demand, depletion of fossil fuels, and environmental concerns. However, renewable energy sources introduce several power quality issues such as voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonics, flickers, and interruptions because of their intermittent and variable nature. Among these problems, voltage sag is considered one of the most severe disturbances affecting sensitive electrical equipment. This review paper presents the role of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) in improving power quality in hybrid renewable energy systems. DVR is a custom power device connected in series with the distribution system to compensate voltage disturbances by injecting the required compensating voltage...........

[1]. Mahmoud A. El-Gammal et al., "Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) For Voltage Sag Mitigation"
[2]. Rosli Omar & Nasrudin Abd Rahim, "Mitigation Of Voltage Sags/Swells Using DVR"
[3]. Paisan Boonchiam & Mithulananthan, "Understanding DVR Through MATLAB Simulation"
[4]. Yash Pal Swarup & Bhim Singh, "Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement"
[5]. Aamir Hanif et al., "Feed Forward Control Strategy for DVR"

Efficient boiler operation relies heavily on high-purity feed water, as impurities such as silica, dissolved ions, suspended solids, and dissolved gases cause scale formation, corrosion, thermal inefficiencies, and equipment damage. At the Port Harcourt Refining Company (PHRC) Area 5 Plant, mixed-bed ion exchangers are used to produce demineralised water, but their performance depends strongly on the optimisation of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide regenerant strengths and still, this does not guarantee a 100% completely treated water. This study investigates the effect of varying acid and caustic concentrations on resin regeneration efficiency, using conductivity and silica measurements taken immediately after final rinse and six hours later to capture delayed............

[1]. Alazemi, A., Alajmi, M., & Alotaibi, M. (2019). Enhancing boiler performance through optimised operation and maintenance. International Journal of Energy Research, 43(2), 654–666. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4252
[2]. Al-ghandoor, A., Samhouri, M., Al-Hinti, I., & Jaber, J. O. (2009). Optimizing boiler efficiency through effective energy management practices. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(1), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.08.020
[3]. Alsyouf, I. (2007). The role of maintenance in improving companies' productivity and profitability. International Journal of Production Economics, 105(1), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2004.06.057
[4]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (2019). Boiler and pressure vessel code: Section I – Power boilers (ASME BPVC Section I). ASME.
[5]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (n.d.). Boiler and pressure vessel code. https://www.asme.org

This research focuses on the simulation, design, and kinetic modeling of coconut oil extraction from coconut seeds for pharmaceutical applications. The study aims to develop a scientifically sound and industrially scalable extraction process that ensures maximum oil yield while preserving the bioactive compounds essential for pharmaceutical formulations. Coconut oil, derived from Cocos nucifera, has been used for centuries in food and medicine due to its high content of medium-chain fatty acids such as lauric, capric, and caprylic acids, which possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, renewed interest in natural oils and plant-based therapeutics has emphasized the need for efficient extraction methods capable of producing high-purity, pharmaceutical-grade coconut oil..........

[1]. Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2004). Optimizing fat oxidation through exercise and diet. Nutrition, 20(7–8), 716–727. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.003] (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.003)
[2]. Adebayo, A. R., Adetuyi, F. C., Olajide, J. O., & Akintayo, E. T. (2018). Influence of extraction methods on the yield and quality of coconut oil. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 42(6), e13620. [https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13620] (https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13620)
[3]. Al-Shammari, M. K., Yassin, A. B., & Kadhim, A. A. (2018). Rheological behavior of coconut oil and its implications for topical pharmaceutical formulations. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(4), 1499–1507. [https://doi.org/10.13040/ IJPSR.0975-8232.9(4).1499-07](https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9%284%29.1499-07)
[4]. Battaglia, L., & Gallarate, M. (2012). Lipid nanoparticles: State of the art, new preparation methods and challenges in drug delivery. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 9(5), 497–516. [https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.671127] (https://doi.org/10.1517/ 17425247.2012.671127)
[5]. Dayrit, C. S. (2015). The properties of lauric acid and their significance in coconut oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 92(1), 1–15. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2562-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2562-3)

Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) broadcasting has improved television transmission through better picture quality, efficient spectrum utilization, and improved resistance to noise compared with analogue systems. However, DVB-T2 transmission quality is still affected by multipath fading, signal attenuation, and varying channel conditions, especially in urban environments such as Port Harcourt. This study therefore aimed to improve DTT broadcasting quality using a Dynamic Signal Optimization (DSO) model based on adaptive DVB-T2 transmission techniques...........

[1]. Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC). A/53 Part 1:2013: ATSC Digital Television Standard, Part 1 – Digital Television System and A/300:2017: ATSC 3.0 System. https://www.atsc.org/standards/atsc-3-0-standards/
[2]. Ali, S., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Multipath propagation effects in urban environments: Challenges and solutions. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 65(3), 456-469.
[3]. Alimi, Isiaka. (2016). Link Adaptation for Microwave Link using both MATLAB and Path-Loss Tool. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI).
[4]. Aragón-Zavala, A., Prieto-Cerdeira, R., & Riera, J. M. (2021). Weather-dependent error modeling for digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) systems. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 67(4), 1023-1035. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2021.3105678
[5]. ATSC. (2020). ATSC 3.0: The Future of Broadcast Television. Advanced Television Systems Committee.

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of impedance matching in extra-high voltage (EHV) power line carrier communication (PLCC) systems. The methodology combines transmission line theory, mathematical modeling, and MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation to analyze carrier signal injection, propagation, and reflection on a distributed parameter EHV transmission line. An L-section impedance matching network is designed to minimize impedance mismatch effects. System performance is evaluated using reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and distance-based voltage distribution............

[1] Abdel-Ghany, T. K., Salama, M. M. A., and Youssef, A. M., "Performance evaluation of power line carrier communication systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 978–983, Jul. 2003.
[2] Berger, L. T., Schwager, A., Pagani, P., and Schneider, D., MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2014.
[3] Bergen, A. R., and Vittal, V., Power Systems Analysis, 2nd ed., New Delhi, India: Pearson Education, 2000.
[4] Bimbhra, P. S., Electrical Machinery, 7th ed., New Delhi, India: Khanna Publishers, 2011.
[5] Cheng, D. K., Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd ed., Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley, 1989.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques into power system engineering has significantly enhanced the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of fault detection, control, and system monitoring. This paper presents a comparative analysis of AI methods, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLS), Deep Learning (DL), and Genetic Algorithms (GA), in engineering applications, specifically for transmission line fault detection and mitigation. A 330 kV, 250 km transmission line is modeled using π-sections to represent distributed parameters............

[1]. Abur, A., & Exposito, A. G. (2004). Power system state estimation: Theory and implementation. CRC Press.
[2]. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep learning. MIT Press.
[3]. Haykin, S. (1999). Neural networks: A comprehensive foundation (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
[4]. Holland, J. H. (1975). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press.
[5]. Kundur, P. (1994). Power system stability and control. McGraw-Hill.

Reliable fault diagnosis in high-voltage transmission systems is essential for maintaining the stability and security of modern power networks. This study presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based approach for fault detection, classification, and location on a 330 kV transmission line. The Onitsha–Agu Awka–Nibo transmission network was used as the case study system. Transmission line parameters were modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, and per-unit values of three-phase voltages and currents were extracted as input features for the ANN. A multilayer perceptron neural network trained using the back-propagation............

[1] Haykin, S. (2009). Neural Networks and Learning Machines (3rd ed.). Pearson Education.
[2] Bishop, C. M. (1995). Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Oxford University Press.
[3] Kundur, P. (1994). Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill.
[4] Anderson, P. M. (1995). Power System Protection. IEEE Press.
[5] Phadke, A. G., & Thorp, J. S. (2008). Computer Relaying for Power Systems (2nd ed.). Wiley-IEEE Press.

Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) performance in extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission systems is highly dependent on effective impedance matching between the coupling network and the transmission line. Conventional static matching techniques are limited in bandwidth and unable to respond to dynamic impedance variations caused by load changes and switching operations. This paper presents a machine learning (ML)–based adaptive impedance matching approach for enhancing PLCC signal integrity in EHV power networks. A MATLAB/Simulink model of a 330 kV, 250 km transmission line integrated with an intelligent matching............

[1]. Bockarjova, M., & Andersson, G. "Transmission Line Impedance Modeling for Power System Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1793–1801, Nov. 2007.
[2]. Chen, X., & Zhang, Y. "Optimization of Impedance Matching Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 117, pp. 105672, Jun. 2020.
[3]. Galli, S., Scaglione, A., & Wang, Z. "For the Grid and Through the Grid: The Role of Power Line Communications in the Smart Grid," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 998–1027, Jun. 2011.
[4]. Ghazizadeh, M., & Karimi, H. R. "Adaptive Impedance Matching Networks for Broadband Power Line Communications," IET Communications, vol. 7, no. 18, pp. 2051–2059, Dec. 2013.
[5]. Liu, Y., & McCall, J."Machine Learning Applications in Smart Grid: A Review," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 6283–6297, Nov. 2019.

A fire alert system is an important safety mechanism designed to reduce property damage and loss of life caused by accidental fires in residential environments. This research proposes a GSM-based fire alert system using Arduino UNO capable of detecting fire-related hazards such as smoke, abnormal temperature, gas leakage, and flames. The system integrates MQ-2 smoke sensors, flame sensors, temperature sensors, GSM modules, buzzers, and relay modules to provide real-time monitoring and emergency notification............

1. Mahzan et al. (2018) Design of an Arduino-based Home Fire Alarm System with GSM Module Citation (IEEE style): Mahzan, N. N., Enzai, N. I. M., Zin, N. M., and Noh, K. S. S. K. M., "Design of an Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM module," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1019, no. 1, 2018. This is one of the most cited Arduino-GSM fire alarm papers.

Facial recognition technology has become an important solution for secure access control in high-traffic environments due to its ability to provide fast, contactless, and intelligent identification. However, conventional facial recognition systems are often affected by privacy concerns, centralized data storage vulnerabilities, latency issues, and poor performance under dynamic environmental conditions such as poor lighting, occlusion, and crowd density. These limitations create major security and operational challenges in urban environments like Port Harcourt, Nigeria............

[1]. Adeniyi, P. A. O. (2021). Traffic mitigation and congestion in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria: Causes and solutions (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/aba3423a2bf990f2e53690597bb321ac/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar
[2]. Adetoyi, O. E., & Awe, B. P. (2022). Face recognition enabled door access control system. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v7i1.656
[3]. Ahmad, J., Farman, H., & Jan, Z. (2018). Deep learning: Methods and applications. Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing, 7(3–4), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1561/2000000039
[4]. Almeida, D., Shmarko, K., & Lomas, E. (2022). The ethics of facial recognition technologies, surveillance, and accountability in an age of artificial intelligence: A comparative analysis of US, EU, and UK regulatory frameworks. AI and Ethics, 2(3), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00077-w
[5]. Alsaleh, A. (2025). Toward a conceptual model to improve the user experience of a sustainable and secure intelligent transport system. Acta Psychologica, 255, 104892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104892

This study presents the simulation and performance evaluation of a natural gas dehydration system using Tri ethylene glycol (TEG) in Aspen HYSYS. The system was modelled with the dehydrator as an absorber and the regenerator as a distillation column. The objective was to enhance water removal efficiency, TEG purity, and energy performance while minimizing solvent losses and operating costs. Initial simulation inputs include a natural gas flow rate of 10,000 Nm³/hr, an inlet gas temperature of 55 °C, pressure of 60 bar, and TEG circulation rate of 10,000 kg/hr with a lean TEG concentration of 94 wt%............

[1]. Abdulrahman, R., & Sebastine, I. (2013). Optimization of glycol-based natural gas dehydration processes. Journal of Energy Processing, 45(3), 123–135.
[2]. Al-Jammali, A. (2022). Simulation and validation of TEG dehydration systems using Aspen HYSYS: A case study of the Basra plant. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 15(2), 89–104.
[3]. Al Shehhi, M., Varghese, S., Rao, A., & Walke, P. (2019). Comparative analysis of glycol solvents and refrigeration techniques in natural gas dehydration. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 68, 102–115.
[4]. Al-Malack, M. H., & Al-Muhtaseb, S. A. (2010). Simulation of natural gas dehydration using triethylene glycol: Effects of operating conditions. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 49(5), 523–530.
[5]. Al-Sobhi, S. A., Al-Mansour, F., & Qasem, N. A. A. (2013). Energy analysis and optimization of TEG dehydration unit. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 15, 28–35.

The development of software targeting Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has grown significantly in recent decades, driven by advances in digital technologies and artificial intelligence. Patent registration in this field constitutes an important indicator of technological trends and the actors involved in innovation. This study aims to map the landscape of international patents related to software applied to ASD through a patentometric analysis. The search was conducted in the Espacenet database using the descriptors "software" AND "autism", resulting in 47 patent documents published between 2007 and 2026............

[1]. Abbas, H., Garberson, F., Liu-Mayo, S., Glover, E., & Wall, D. P. (2020). Multi-modular AI approach to streamline autism diagnosis in young children. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 5014. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61213-w
[2]. American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text revision). APA Publishing.
[3]. Durkin, M. S., Elsabbagh, M., Barbaro, J., Bourgeron, T., Tager-Flusberg, H., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Shih, A. (2015). Autism screening and diagnosis in low resource settings: Challenges and opportunities to enhance equity. Autism Research, 8(4), 440–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1575
[4]. Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., Rossi, F., Schafer, B., Valcke, P., & Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5

To maintain economic activities and improve quality of life, reliable electricity supply plays an important role. In Nigeria, electricity distribution networks such as the Rumuola 33/11 kV feeders faces consistent challenges which involves power outages due to overloading. To tackle the problem, accurate load forecasting that includes the outage records becomes important in improving the grid system performance. This study developed and evaluated a short-term load forecasting of the Rumuola 33/11 kV network using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The unique aspect of this study was the integration of outage indicators into the model............

[1]. Aderibigbe, A. O., Ani, E. C., Ohenhen, P. E., Ohalete, N. C., & Daraojimba, D. O. (2023). Enhancing energy efficiency with AI: A review of machine learning models in electricity demand forecasting. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 4(6), 341–356.
[2]. Ahmad, W., Ayub, N., Ali, T., Irfan, M., Awais, M., Shiraz, M., & Glowacz, A. (2020). Towards short-term electricity load forecasting using improved support vector machine and extreme learning machine. Energies, 13(11), 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112907
[3]. Akman, T., Yılmaz, C., & Sönmez, Y. (2023). Short-term electric energy load forecasting of Ankara region using artificial intelligence methods. Politeknik Dergisi, 26(4), 1517–1531.
[4]. Aıroboman, A. (2022). Forecasting of maximum peak load demand of Abuja region interconnected power network using artificial neural network. International Journal of Engineering Science and Application, 6(1), 12–28.
[5]. Arvanitidis, A. I., Bargiotas, D., Daskalopulu, A., Laitsos, V. M., & Tsoukalas, L. H. (2021). Enhanced short-term load forecasting using artificial neural networks. Energies, 14(22), 7788. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227788

Nickel-based catalysts remain the industrial standard for steam methane reforming because of their high activity and economic viability; however, their long-term performance in primary reformers is severely constrained by progressive deactivation arising from sintering, carbon deposition, and impurity poisoning. These degradation processes reduce active surface area, alter reaction selectivity, and increase energy demand, yet industrial catalyst management is still largely based on empirical maintenance and replacement schedules rather than predictive, mechanistic degradation models............

[1]. Bartholomew, C. H. (2001). Mechanisms of catalyst deactivation. Applied Catalysis A: General, 212(1-2), 17-60.
[2]. Boscherini, M., Storione, A., Minelli, M., Miccio, F., & Doghieri, F. (2023). New perspectives on catalytic hydrogen production by the reforming, partial oxidation and decomposition of methane and biogas. Energies, 16(17), 6375.
[3]. Citaristi, I. (2022). International energy agency—iea. In The Europa directory of international organizations 2022 (pp. 701-702). Routledge.
[4]. Enayatizade, H., Chahartaghi, M., Hashemian, S. M., Arjomand, A., & Ahmadi, M. H. (2019). Techno-economic evaluation of a new CCHP system with a hydrogen production unit. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 14(2), 170-186.
[5]. Esfandiary, M., Karimi, N., & Saedodin, S. (2024). Maximization of hydrogen production via methane steam reforming in a wavy microreactor by optimization of catalyst coating: A combined computational and data analytics approach. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 63(43), 18599-18614.

Industrial operations such as drilling, chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and food processing generate large volumes of effluents containing complex mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants, including heavy metals, synthetic dyes, hydrocarbons, and toxic compounds. Conventional wastewater treatment systems often struggle to meet discharge standards due to limited efficiency, poor adaptability to fluctuating loads, and high operational costs. This study aims to characterize produced water from a crude oil transportation facility and develop a mathematical model for a continuous stirred-tank bioreactor designed to treat oil- and grease-rich produced water, thereby assessing its performance and stability under varying operating conditions...........

[1]. Al-Obaidi, M. A., Tawalbeh, M., & Bouazizi, A. (2020). A hybrid MBR–RO process for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater: Optimization and economic analysis. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 139, 208–218.
[2]. Boopathy, R. (2017). Fate and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine ecosystems. Current Pollution Reports, 3(2), 63–70.
[3]. Boopathy, R. (2017). Presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in sewage treatment plant. Bioresource Technology, 240, 144-148.
[4]. Deng, Y., & Zhao, R. (2015). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment. Current Pollution Reports, 1(3), 167–176.
[5]. Deng, Y., & Zhao, R. (2015). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment. Current Pollution Reports, 1(3), 167–176.

The Welding Research Council (WRC) bulletins WRC 107 (superseded by WRC 537), WRC 297, and WRC 368 are widely used for evaluating local stresses in pressure vessel nozzle-to-shell intersections subjected to external piping loads [1-4]. These methods provide simplified analytical procedures for estimating local membrane and bending stresses in the vicinity of vessel attachments. However, the applicability and accuracy of these bulletins depend strongly on geometric limitations, loading assumptions, and the treatment of stress concentration factors (SCFs)............

[1] Welding Research Council, WRC Bulletin 107: Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells Due to External Loadings, New York, USA, 1965.
[2] Welding Research Council, WRC Bulletin 297: Local Stresses in Cylindrical Shells Due to External Loadings on Nozzles, New York, USA, 1987.
[3] Welding Research Council, WRC Bulletin 368: Stresses in Intersecting Cylindrical Shells Subjected to External Loadings, New York, USA, 1991.
[4] Welding Research Council, WRC Bulletin 537: Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells Due to External Loadings, New York, USA, 2010.
[5] ASME, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, New York, USA, latest ed.

This paper showcases common global applications of 4D Building Information Modelling (4D BIM) across built environment industries and explains why these applications create higher returns on investment when considered against a project's size, complexity, and risk. The objective of this paper is to explain why certain categories of BIM implementation are executed more deeply across construction than others on a global scale. Qualitative methodology based on literature review was selected. Literature review consisted of desk research and subsequent comparative analysis of academic papers, trade journals, and policy papers (Davis, 1989) (Rogers, 2003) (Succar B. , 2009). Results show that 4D BIM is most commonly............

[1]. Azhar, S. (2011). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 11(3), 241–252. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127
[2]. Bryde, D., Broquetas, M., & Volm, J. M. (2013). The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). International Journal of Project Management, 31(7), 971–980. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.001
[3]. Chau, K. W., Anson, M., & Zhang, J. P. (2004). Four-Dimensional Visualization of Construction Scheduling and Site Utilization. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130(4), 598–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:4(598)
[4]. Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
[5]. Deng, Y., Gan, V. J., Das, M., & Cheng, J. C. (2019). Integrating 4D BIM and GIS for construction supply chain management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(2). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001633

This study investigates the effects of coagulation on the salinity, sodicity, and magnesium hazard of chemically treated produced water (PW). PW was treated with varying doses of aluminum sulfate -(𝐴𝑙2(𝑆04 )3∙18𝐻20 of analytical grade. Aluminium sulphate doses used were 0.1g, 0.2g, and 0.3g, and the samples were labeled T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A control sample without chemical treatment was labeled T0. The treatment process of the produced water followed a standardized jar test-style protocol using a magnetic stirrer. Salinity and sodicity were determined using electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR), and magnesium ratio (MR) values, while total petroleum hydrocarbon...........

[1] Abam, T. K. (1999). Dynamics and Quality of Groundwater in the Niger Delta. Journal of African Earth Sciences.
[2] Abdel-Fattah, M. K., Abd-Elmabod, S. K., Aldosari, A. A., Elrys, A. S., & Mohamed, E. S. (2020). Multivariate analysis for assessing irrigation water quality: A case study of the Bahr Mouise Canal, Eastern Nile Delta. Water, 12(9), 2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092537.
[3] Adewuyi, G. O., Etchie, A. T., &Etchie, T. O. (2012). Evaluation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and some related heavy metals in soil and groundwater of Ubeji settlement, Warri Metropolis, Nigeria. Terrestrial and Aquatic Environmental Toxicology, 6(1), 61-65.
[4] Amadi, A. N. (2016). Assessment of the suitability of groundwater systems for irrigation purposes in Owerri and environs, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 20(1), 83–95.
[5] Amadi, L. (2013). Climate change, peasantry and rural food production decline in the Niger Delta Region: A case of the 2012 flood disaster. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research, 1(6), 94-103.

This study presents the simulation, performance analysis, and validation of a waste-to-energy plant integrated with a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) regenerator using Aspen HYSYS. The system comprises a gas expander, a heat recovery steam generator (economizer, evaporator, and superheater), a steam turbine–generator, and a condenser for effective recovery of thermal energy from FCC flue gas. Detailed material and energy balances confirmed thermodynamic consistency across all units. The FCC regenerator flue gas entered the system at a temperature of 700 °C and pressure of 250 kPa with a mass flow rate of 3 × 10⁵ kg/h, providing a heat flow of approximately −5.45 × 10⁸ kJ/h.The gas expander reduced the flue gas temperature............

[1]. Adeyemo, A. A., Akinwale, A. T., & Bakare, M. A. (2016). Simulation of heat integration for improved energy efficiency in Warri Refinery. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 35(3), 521-528.
[2]. Ahmadi, P., Dincer, I., & Rosen, M. A. (2011). Thermodynamic modeling and optimization of a combined gas–steam power cycle. Energy, 36(3), 1609–1622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.051
[3]. Aliyu, A. M., & Olanrewaju, O. A. (2021). Lifecycle cost analysis of waste heat recovery in Kaduna Refinery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128741.
[4]. Al-Mansour, F., & Zuwala, J. (2010). Energy efficiency and renewable energy integration in the power generation and refinery sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 2796-2801.
[5]. Bejan, A., & Tsatsaronis, G. (1996). Thermal design and optimization of energy systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 37(9), 1253–1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(96)00038-5

Used Artificial Intelligence to list out innovative achievements from my linkedin profile and instructed to award the "Omega" title to me. The User Prompt and AI response are shown in this article.

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Alpha, Beta, Gamma are greek letters. The final letter is Omega. Create designations like "AI Alpha", "AI Beta" and so on upto "AI Omega". The first designation "AI Alpha" means anyone who is interested to work in the field of AI can use "AI Alpha" designation. The attached profile is of final "AI Omega" designation. Extract "AI Omega" definition from attached profile. Hence we defined "AI Alpha" and "AI Omega". The other designations "AI Beta", "AI Gamma" come between "AI Alpha" and "AI Omega". Create an article defining "AI Alpha", "AI Beta" and so on upto "AI Omega" designations. Note that these are initial definitions of designations. As time progresses other scientists will improve definitions. This is just the beginning.

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Urban flooding has become a recurring environmental and infrastructural challenge in rapidly urbanizing Nigerian cities due to inadequate drainage systems, uncontrolled urban development, and poor stormwater management. This study focused on the mapping and analysis of drainage systems for flood mitigation along Tetlow Road, extending from Christ Church Junction to Old Stadium Junction in Owerri Municipal Council, Imo State, Nigeria. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were employed to evaluate drainage conditions, topography, slope, hydrological characteristics..........

[1]. Abara, P. C., &Ossai, C. (2025).Hydraulic simulation and GIS-based flood modelling in Owerri urban area.Journal of Environmental Hydrology, 18(2), 45–58.
[2]. Aderogba, K. A. (2021). Urban flooding and environmental management in Nigerian cities.African Journal of Environmental Studies, 12(1), 34–49.
[3]. Aiyewunmi, O. O. (2023). Urban flooding and environmental sustainability in Nigerian cities.International Journal of Environmental Research, 10(4), 122–137.
[4]. Ajibade, F. O., et al. (2021). GIS-based flood-prone area mapping in Ibadan metropolis.Journal of Hydrological Research, 9(3), 56–71.
[5]. Chang, H., & Ross, A. (2024).Urban flood resilience and green infrastructure in African cities.Urban Water Journal, 21(1), 88–102.