This study investigates the effect of change in grading policy on students Cumulative Grade Point Averages (CGPAs). The impact of two grading policies, a lenient grading policy versus a strict grading policy, was studied through the actual CGPAs of the students of an engineering college in Pakistan. The lenient grading policy contains 5 grades (A, B, C, D, F) whereas the strict grading policy contains 7 letter grades (A, B+, B, C+, C, D, F). A sample of 1578 students CGPAs, divided in two sections, was analyzed for this purpose in which almost half of the students obtained CGPAs on lenient grading policy and the other half on strict grading policy. Motivating students to perform better is one of the expected functions of grading policy. Results show that strict grading policy has a statistically positive impact on student CGPAs, when compared to the student CGPAs on lenient grading policy. The low-performers get more benefit than the high-performers in terms of CGPA when the stricter grading policy is employed.

[1]. Academic grading in Australia. (2011, March 13). (Wikipedia) Retrieved June 28, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Australia
[2]. Adams, G. S., & and Torgerson, T. L. (1964). Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Psychology, and Guidance. Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
[3]. Bain, P. T., Hales, L. W., & Rand, L. P. (1973). An Investigation of Some Assumptions and Characteristics of the Pass-Fail Grading System. The Journal of Educational Research , 67 (3), 134-136.
[4]. Becker, W., & Rosan, S. (1992). The learning effect of assessment and evaluation in high school. Economics of Education Review , 11 (2), 107-118.
[5]. Betts, J. R. (1997). Do grading standards affect the incentive to learn? San Diego: University of California.

In a steel bar manufacturing industry, identification of significant factors which affect the process efficiency is of prime importance to achieve maximum yield. In the undertaken research study, reheating furnace temperature of 1050 ᴼC of a local steel bar manufacturing facility of Peshawar, Pakistan is found to be statistically significant with the help of analysis of variance (ANOVA) experimentation. The second analysed temperature level is 900 ᴼC which comes out to be insignificant. At 1050 ᴼC temperature, minimum production scrap is found and z. bench quality standard is also improved. For yield strength quality characteristic of the product the scrap level is 90% less than the production at 900 ᴼC while the z. bench level is improved to 28%. At same temperature of 1050 ᴼC, production scrap is reduced over 42% and z. bench is improved to 11% for ultimate tensile strength quality characteristic. 1050 ᴼC temperature of the reheating furnace of the steel bar manufacturing process is statistically found to be optimum temperature level of production.

Yield, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Steel bar manufacturing process

[1]. Montgomery, D.C., Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 4 ed. 2001, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
[2]. Antony, B.M.a.J., Statistical process control: an essential ingredient for improving service and manufacturing quality. Manag. Serv. Qual, 2000. 10(4): p. 233-238.
[3]. E.M. Smeti, N.C.T., L.P. Kousouris, P.C. Tzoumerkas, An approach for the application of statistical process control techniques for quality improvement of treated water. Desalination, 2007: p. 273–281.
[4]. Gasper Skulj, R.V., Peter Butala, Alojzij Sluga, Statistical Process Control as a Service: An Industrial Case Study, in Forty Sixth CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2013 2013, SciVerse ScienceDirect. p. 401-406.
[5]. Kano, M. and Y. Nakagawa, Data-based process monitoring, process control, and quality improvement: Recent developments and applications in steel industry. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2008. 32(1–2): p. 12-24.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the air permeability property of the knitted structures made from viscose and modal yarns for sportswear. Viscose and modal yarns spun in different counts ( Ne 30s, Ne 40s ) with the same twist coefficient of αe =3.3 were knitted as pique fabrics in the same production conditions with four tightness factors and air permeabililty property of fabrics were measured. Result indicate that air permeability is a function of the thickness, tightness factor and porosity of the knitted fabrics and for summer wear or sportswear modal pique structure could be used.

Knitted fabric, Air permeability, Viscose, Modal, Porosity, Tightness factor

[1]. Mounir Hassan et al, Influence of sportswear fabric properties on the health and performance of athletes, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe 2012;20,4(93):82-88.
[2]. Bivainytė. A, D. Mikučionienė, "Investigation on the air and water vapour permeability of doublelayered weft knitted fabrics", Fibre & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol. 19 No.3, pp.69-73, 2010.
[3]. Ričardas Č & J Abramavičiūtė, "Investigation of the air permeability of socks knitted from yarns with peculiar properties", Fibre & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol. 18 No.1, pp.84-88, 2010.
[4]. Das. S., "Comfort characteristics of knitted cotton fabrics", Asian Textile Journal, pp.81-85, 2008.
[5]. Farima Daniela, "The ventilation of the stratified knitted fabrics", Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, pp. 215- 217, 2007.

In this paper we explain how a wireless LAN network can be monitored using an android phone when the administrator is not present at the place of network but he/she is away from it. The features installed in the application which can be installed in an android phone are explained as well as the advantages and future scope. This paper demonstrates how the application is used and details about the architecture of the LAN with android phone are given. The problem of security and authorization is also addressed in the paper stating how the application created is accessible only to an authorized person. The current market scenario makes it necessary to handle the workload in the company/workplace located at different locations from one single location. This is possible by using the application developed and a detailed framework is given in this paper. We describe what features are in the scope of the software and what are not in the scope of the software developed. The software will control and monitor the LAN network from our wireless handheld device i.e. cell phone from anywhere irrespective of distance.

LAN, framework, android ,handheld device, scope

[1]. I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci,"Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey," Computer Networks, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 393-422, 2002.
[2]. T. Gao, D. Greenspan, M. Welesh, R.R. Juang, and A. Alm, "Vital Signs Monitoring and Patient Tracking over a Wireless Network,"Proc. IEEE 27th Ann. Int'l Conf. Eng. Medicine and Biology Soc. (EMBS), Sept. 2005.
[3]. http://archive.itmanagementnews.com/itmanagementnews5420060301TheTopFiveLANSecurityIssues Fac ing ITManagersToday.html.
[4]. Covkun and Ardam, A Remote Controller for Home and Office Appliances By Telephone, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 44, No. 4, NOVEMBER 1998.
[5]. W.-T. Leung, D. L. Lee, and W.-C. Lee, "Personalized web search with location preferences," in Proc. of IEEE ICDE Conference, 2010.

To achieve optimum centrifugal pump performance efficiency for liquid flow rates within the range of 4.32 cubic meters per hour - to - 1152 cubic meters per hour, the equations, and method outlined here can be applied to sizing or selecting a centrifugal pump for a process pumping need. The method and derived equations of the hydraulics analysis can also be extended to a typical process centrifugal pumping need. A Microsoft Excel TM computer program for carrying out and easing the sizing calculations is described.

Centrifugal pumps, Pumps, Pump hydraulics analysis, Centrifugal pump sizing, Centrifugal pump selection, Engineering Computer Programs, Process pumping solution, Pump selection, and Fluid machinery.

[1]. R. H. Perry, and D. W. Green, (eds), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed., New York, USA: McGraw Hill, 1984.
[2]. Y. A. Cengel, R. H. Turner, and Cimbala, Fundamentals of Thermal - Fluid Sciences, 3rd ed., Boston, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2008, pp. 449-475, pp. 535.
[3]. W. A. Smith, M. Kutz (ed.), Mechanical Engineer's Handbook, 2nd ed., USA: John Wiley, 1986, chapter 70, pp 1936-1949.
[4]. I. H. Shames, I. H., Mechanics of Fluids, 4th ed., Boston, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2003, pp. 409-415.

[5]. J. S. Rao, and R. V. Dukkipati, Hydrodynamic Lubrication, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2nd ed., New Delhi, India: New Age, 1992, chapter 10, pp 225

Improvement of Power Quality has a positive impact on sustained profitability of the distribution utility on the one hand and customer satisfaction on the other. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers have been used in power systems since the 1970s with the objective of improving system dynamic performance. Power quality is an issue that is becoming increasingly important to electricity consumers at all levels of usage. Sensitive power electronic equipment and non-linear loads are widely used in industrial, commercial and domestic applications leading to distortion in voltage and current waveforms. Due to the environmental, right-of-way, and cost problems in both bundled and unbundled power systems, many transmission lines have been forced to operate at almost their full capacities worldwide. FACTS controllers enhance the static performance viz. increased loading, congestion management, reduced system loss, economic operation, etc., and dynamic performance viz. increased stability limits, damping of power system oscillation, etc. In this paper, an overview of FACTS controllers is explained. Various FACTS controller several devices in FACTS family are also discussed.

Power quality, SVC, STATCOM, SSSC

[1]. IEEE Power Engineering Review on "Trends in Power Quality Monitoring", by Mark McGranaghan, August-2001, page no.1-9.
[2]. A text book on "Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices", by A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 2002, page no. 293.
[3]. A text book on "FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution" by K.R. Padiyar from new age international publ.2007 page no384-394 http://www.mtm.at/pqnet/PQDEF.htm A text book on "Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modeling and Control" by Xiao-Ping Zhang, Christian Rehtanz, Bikash Pal fro Springer publ.2006 page no.1-25.
[4]. IEEE Computer Society Press "Thyristor Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems" by Mathur RM, Varma RK, 2002.
[5]. IEEE Computer Society Press "Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems" by Hingorani NG, Gyugyi L, 1999.

A design of Butterworth stepped impedance microstrip low pass filter with DGS is presented in this paper. Two designs are introduced. The first design is a seven order low pass filter with three interdigital slots with different finger lengths inserted under the position of high impedance lines. The maximum insertion loss in the passband is better than 0.97 dB and the maximum group delay variation within the passband is less than 10 ps. The other design is a nine order low pass filter that use different shapes of the DGS (rectangular, square dumbbell and interdigital). The maximum insertion loss is about 0.5 dB and maximum group delay variation is 27 ps. The cutoff frequency of the proposed two designs is 16 GHz. The filter used for LEO satellite application. The filter is analysed using CST Microwave Studio, IE3D zeland and ADS. The filter is fabricated with photolithographic technique and scattering parameters are measured by using Vector Network Analyzer. Measurements and simulations show good agreement.

Stepped impedance, LPF, DGS, interdigital, dumpbell.

[1]. Ms.Vandana M. Anerao, "Implementation of Stepped Impedance Microstrip Low Pass Filter,‟‟ International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE), Vol. 2, Issue. 2, April-2013.
[2]. M. CHALLAL, A. AZRAR, and D. VANHOENACKER JANVIER, "A Novel Ultra-Wide Stopband Microstrip Low-Pass Filter for Rejecting High Order Harmonics and Spurious Response,‟‟ 24th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM) IEEE, 2012.
[3]. D. Ahn, J. S. Park, C. S. Kim, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, "A Design of the low-pass filter using the novel microstrip defected ground structure, " IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.,vol. 49, pp.86-91, 2001.
[4]. H. J. Chen, T. H. Huang, C. S. Chang, L. S. Chen, N. F. Wang,Y. H Wang, M. P. Houng, "A novel cross-shaped DGS applied to design ultra-wide stop-band low-pass filters," IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett.,vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 252–254, May 2006.
[5]. S. W. Ting, K.W. Tam, and R.P. Martins, "Miniaturized microstrip lowpass filter with wide stop-band using double equilateral u-shaped defected ground structure, "IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon Lett.,vol.16, pp. 240–242, May 2006.

The objects in real world can be ranked based on the features in their spatial neighborhood using a preference based top-k special query. In this paper, a two purpose query structure for satisfying the user requirements is implemented. For example, a user who wishes to find a hotel with 3 star categories that serves sea food which provides the nearest airport facility. This concept can be obtained by developing a system that takes a particular query as the input and displays a ranked set of top k best objects that satisfy user requirements. For that, an indexing technique R-tree and a search method BB algorithm for efficiently processing top-k spatial preference query is used. R-tree (Real-tree), a data structure is the first index specifically designed to handle multidimensional extended objects and branch and bound (BB) algorithm that makes searching easier, faster and
accurate. The key idea is to compute upper bound scores for non-leaf entries in the object tree, and prunes those that cannot lead to better results. The advantage of using this algorithm is that it can reduce the number of steps to be examined.

Query processing, spatial databases, R-tree.

[1]. M.L.Yiu, X.Dai, N.Mamoulis, and M.Vaitis, "Top-k Spatial Preference Queries," in ICDE, 2007.
[2]. K.S.Beyer, J.Goldstein, R.Ramakrishnan, and U.Shaft, "When is "nearest neighbor" meaningful?" in ICDT, 1999.
[3]. Y.Chen and J.M.Patel, "Efficient Evaluation of All-Nearest- Neighbor Queries," in ICDE, 2007.
[4]. Jinzeng Zhang, Dongqi Liu, Xiaofeng Meng, "Preference Based Top-k Spatial Keyword Queries," in ACM, 2011.
[5]. Y-Y.Chen, T.Suel, and A.Markowetz, "Efficient Query Processing in Geographic Web Search Engines," in SIGMOD, 2006.

This paper mainly concentrated on determine aerodynamic characteristic for FX63-137 aerofoil experimentally and by computer aided to choose best angle of attack at maximum lift low drag. This paper divided into many stage, Firstly manufacturing aerofoil using aluminium alloy with using CNC machine ,secondly Testing process using subsonic wind tunnel ,finally display results at low Reynolds number at speed of 20m/s, 30m/s in chart and compare this results with reference and select best angle of attack at maximum lift.

Aerofoil, Wind Tunnel, lift, Drag, angle of attack, XFOIL.

[1]. Park, K., Han, J. W., Lim, H. J., Kim, B. S., & Lee, J. (2008). Optimal Design of Airfoil with High Aspect Ratio in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, 2(1), 66-72.
[2]. Caughey, David A. (2011). "Introduction to Aircraft Stability and Control Course Notes for M&AE 5070.".
[3]. Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y.-c., Li, J. & Wang, J. (2011). Aerodynamic analysis method of heavy-duty commercial vehicle based on CFD, at. Paper read at Electric Information and Control Engineering (ICEICE), 2011 International Conference on: 4756-4759.

[4]. Jianjun, Q., Yi, M. & Mingwei, X. (2011 ). Investigation on Performance Influence of Maximum Thickness Position on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Airfoil, at. Paper read at Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), Asia-Pacific: 1-4. 25-28.
[5]. Mustafa Cavcar. (2004) Anadolu University, School of Civil Aviation Eskisehir, Turkey,''Aerodynamic Forces and Drag Polar''.

Rough Device is one of the leading security threats in current network scenario, if not properly handled in time could lead from minor network faults to serious network failure. Most of the current solutions to detect rough device are not automated and are dependent on a specific wireless technology. In this p deviceer I used the integrated solution for detection and eliminate the rogue Device. Rogue detection algorithm is also proposed. This Methodology uses two properties: (1) doesn't require any specialized hardware; (2) the used algorithm detects and completely eliminate Rough device from network; this solution is effective and low cost.

Rogue device , Wireless Security, Mobile Agents,Wireless LANs.

[1]. Detecting & Eliminating Rogue device in IEEE 802.11 WLAN S.B.Vanjale, Amol K. Kadam, Pramod A. Jadhav Department of Computer Engg. Bharati Vidy deviceeeth Deemed University College of Engineering Pune svanjale@rediffmail.com, akkadam@bvucoep.edu.in, pramodjadhav1408@gmail.com
[2]. Detecting and Eliminating Rogue Access Points in IEEE-802.11 WLAN - A Multi-Agent Sourcing Methodology V. S. Shankar Sriram1, G.Sahoo3 Department of Information Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India sriram@bitmesra.ac.in, drgsahoo@yahoo.com

Till date, greater chunk of electricity is generated in conventional way at large generating stations, after that electricity is transmitted at high voltages to the load centres and then it is distributed among consumers at distribution level voltage through distribution systems. Whereas Distributed Generation is defined as generation located at or near the load centres.The liberalization of the electricity market and the separation between electricity supplier and network operator in India have gained attention to the subject of connecting generated power by distributed generation plants directly to grids. There are many reasons why a customer may choose to install a distributed generator, as it can be used to generate a customer's entire electricity supply or for peak shaving or for standby or emergency generation or as a green power source (using renewable technology). In some remote locations, DG can be less costly as it eliminates the need for expensive construction of distribution and/or transmission lines. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact and study the future scope of Distributed Generation on the deregulated power market scenario in India using Herfindahl Index.

Carbon Footprint, Deregulated Power Market, Distributed Generation (DG), Herfindahl Index(HI), Renewable Energy.

[1]. Distributed Power Coalition of America (DPCA), "What is Distributed Power?" [online]. Available : http://www.distributed-generation.com/dpca/what.html
[2]. International Energy Agency (IEA), "Distributed Generation in liberalised electricity market, IEA publications" [online]. Available : http://www.iea.org
[3]. Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Électriques (CIGRE), "Impact of increasing contribution of dispersed generation on the power system" [online]. Available : http://www.cigre.org
[4]. Dr. D.K. Khare, "Distributed Generation-Renewable Energy Technology Options & Models", Director, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, Tech. Rep. [online]. Available : http://mnre.gov.in
[5]. T. Ackermann, G. Andersson and L. Soder, "Distributed Generation: a definition", Electric Power Systems Research 57 (2001), pp. 195-204.2001.

Glass samples of the Lithium borosilicate were prepared by conventional melt-quench technique. The density and molar volume of some silicate glasses were determined in order to study their structure. Molar volume decreases linearly as mole % of SiO2 increases. The physical parameters like Oxygen packing density, Ionic concentration, Inter ionic distance, Polaron radius, Dielectric constant, Reflection loss, Band energy gap, Refractive index, Molar refractivity, Molar polarizability, Metallization, Electronic polarizability and Conductivity are studied. Oxygen packing density is decreasing with increasing the concentration of SiO2. Ionic concentration increases, where as inter ionic distance, polaron radius, decreases with increasing the concentration of SiO2. Molar polarizability, Molar refractivity, Electronic polarizability varies alike with increasing mole % of SiO2 respectively. Maximum values at 5 mol % of SiO2 are 7.671 *1024ions/cm3, 19.348 cm3 and 0.33*1024 ions/cm3. Electronic polarizability, Reflection loss are varies similarly while Metallization is exactly opposite to them; at 5 mol % of SiO2 Reflection loss is 0.359 and Metallization is 0.166.Conductivity increases according to glass transition temperature. Mole % of SiO2 and ionic concentration varies linearly with slope 0.0222, intercept 10.9 and R2 0.999. Other linear variations are also studied.

Density, Molar volume, Oxygen packing density, Dielectric constant, Refractive index, Molar refractivity, Molar polarizability; Metallization, Eelectronic polarizability, Molar refractivity, Molar polarizability, Polarizability per unit volume, glass composition, mixed glass former effect.

[1]. C. -H. Lee, K. H. Joo, J. H. Kim, S. G. Woo, H. -J. Sohn, T. Kang, Y. Park and J. Y. Oh. Characterizations of a new lithium ion conducting Li2O–SeO2–B2O3 glass electrolyte. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 149, 2002, pp. 59-65.
[2]. F. Muñoz, L. Montagne, L. Delevoye, A. Durán, L. Pascual, S. Cristol and J-F Paul. Phosphate speciation in sodium borosilicate glasses studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Vol. 352, 2006, pp. 2958-2968.
[3]. A. Winkelmann and O. Schott, Über thermische Widerstandscoefficienten verschiedener Gläser Inihrer. Abhängigkeit von der chemischen Zusammensetzung (Dependence of the thermal resistanceof various glasses from the chemical composition), Annalen der Physik (in German), 287 (4), 730-746, 1894.
[4]. S. English and W.E.S. Turner, The density of the soda-lime-magnesia glasses and some observations on the calculation of density, Journal of the Society of Glass Technology (GB), 6, 228-(1922).

[5]. S.C. Waterton and W.E.S. Turner, Some properties of mixed alkali-lime-silica, glasses containing lithia, soda, potash and rubidia, Journal of the Society of Glass Technology (GB), 18, 268-285 (1934).

Quenching car is the machine used in the coke oven plants which is used to transport the red hot coke to the quenching tower for quenching operation. Reliability centered maintenance tool is applied for the maintenance of the quenching car to focus on the frequently failed components.

Coke oven plant, Quenching car, Reliability Centered Maintenance.

[1]. M. Rausand, "Reliability Centered Maintenance," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 60, pp. 121-132, 1998.
[2]. J. T. Selvik and T. Aven, "A framework for reliability and risk centered maintenance," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 96, pp. 324-331, 2011.
[3]. Sanjyot S. Borker and Prabir Kumar Bandyopadhyay," Better moisture control in coke manufacturinga case study" Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 4 No. 9 , 2011
[4]. B. Yssaad, et. al., Reliability centered maintenance optimization for power distribution systems, Electrical Power and Energy Systems 55 2014
[5]. Joel Igba, et. Al., A Systems Approach towards Reliability-Centred Maintenance (RCM) of Wind Turbines, Conference on Systems Engineering Research, 2013.

Long distance AC transmission is often subject to stability problems, which limits the transmission Capability. Large interconnected power systems often suffer from weakly damped swings between synchronous generators and subsystems. This paper studies the comparative performance of SSSC and UPFC for the improvement of transient stability and damping of power swings of a multi-machine power system using neurofuzzy controller. Simulation results are carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for multi-machine power system to analyse the effects of SSSC and UPFC on transient stability performance and damping of power swings of the system.

Transient stability, Power oscillation damping, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), SSSC, UPFC, Fuzzy logic Controller (FLC).

[1]. Swasti R. Khuntia, "Simulation Study of a SSSC-based Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for Improvement of Transient Stability in a Three-Machine Power System". Published in Energy tech, 2012 IEEE.
[2]. P. Kundur," Power System Stability and Control ", McGraw-Hill, 1994.
[3]. N.G.Hingorani and L.Gyugyi. :"Understanding FACTS: Concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems" IEEE Press, New York 2000.
[4]. S. Panda, and N. P. Padhy, "Comparison of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for FACTS-based controller design", Appl. Soft Computing., vol.8, no.4, pp. 1418-1427, 2008.
[5]. S. Panda, N. P. Padhy, and R. N. Patel, "Power system stability improvement by PSO optimized SSSC based damping controller", Electrical. Power Comp. Syst., vol. 36, no.5, pp. 468-490, 2008.

In recent years mobile ad hoc networks have become very popular and lots of research is being done on different aspects of MANET. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET)-a system of mobile nodes (laptops, sensors, etc.) interfacing without the assistance of centralized infrastructure (access points, bridges, etc.). There are different aspects which are taken for research like routing, synchronization, power consumption, bandwidth considerations etc. This paper concentrates on routing techniques which is the most challenging issue due to the dynamic topology of ad hoc networks. There are different strategies proposed for efficient routing which claimed to provide improved performance. There are different routing protocols proposed for MANETs which makes it quite difficult to determine which protocol is suitable for different network conditions .This paper provides an overview of different routing protocols proposed in literature and also provides a comparison between them.

MANETs, Routing Protocol, Performance, Dynamic Topology, Synchronization

[1]. C K Toh, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall Publishers , 2002.
[2]. Robinpreet Kaur & Mritunjay Kumar Rai, A Novel Review on Routing Protocols in MANETs, Undergraduate Academic Research Journal (UARJ), ISSN : 2278 – 1129, Volume-1, Issue-1, 2012
[3]. Ammar Odeh, Eman AbdelFattah and Muneer Alshowkan, Performance Evaluation Of AODV And DSR Routing Protocols In Manet Networks, International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.4, July 2012.
[4]. Mina Vajed Khiavi, Shahram Jamali, Sajjad Jahanbakhsh Gudakahriz, Performance Comparison of AODV, DSDV, DSR and TORA Routing Protocols in MANETs, International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. Vol., 3 (7), 1429-1436, 2012 ISSN 2251-838X ©2012 Victor Quest Publications.
[5]. Sachin Dnyandeo Ubarhande, Performance Evolution of AODV and DSR Routing Protocols in MANET Using NS2,

In a mobile ad hoc network, the mobility and resource constraints of mobile nodes lead to network partitioning. Several data replication techniques have been proposed to minimize network partitioning. All mobile nodes collaborate fully in terms of sharing their memory space. In reality, some nodes may selfishly decide only to cooperate partially with other nodes. The nodes which act selfishly to conserve their memory space are called selfish nodes.To over come these selfish nodes selfish node detection algorithm has been used which uses two techniques known as partial selfishness and novel replication allocation technique.

Mobile ad hoc networks, degree of selfishness, selfish replica allocation.

[1]. Jae-Ho Choi, Kyu-Sun Shim, SangKeun Lee, and Kun-Lung Wu,"Handling Selfishness in Replica Allocation over a Mobile Ad Hoc Network",IEEE Trans. Mobile computing ,vol 11,no.2,Feb 2012.
[2]. L. Anderegg and S. Eidenbenz, "Ad Hoc-VCG: A Truthful and Cost-Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Selfish Agents," Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 245-259, 2003.
[3]. P. Padmanabhan, L. Gruenwald, A. Vallur, and M. Atiquzzaman, "A Survey of Data Replication Techniques for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Databases," The Int'l J. Very Large Data Bases, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1143-1164, 2008.
[4]. T. Hara and S.K. Madria, "Data Replication for Improving Data Accessibility in Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 1515-1532, Nov. 2006.
[5]. W. Wang, X.-Y. Li, and Y. Wang, "Truthful Multicast Routing in Selfish Wireless Networks," Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 245-259,2004.

In this experiment, the intensity pattern and the effect of focus on it for disyllabic words in Chinese is analyzed. Results show that, in most cases, the average intensity of rhyme in the first syllable is comparatively great, while for the onset, due to intervocalic voicing, that in the second syllable is great. Focus has great effect on intensity. Under focused condition, the overall intensity will greatly increase. The results from this study will be useful in speech engineering.

Onset, rhyme, intensity, focus, syllable

[1] Mary Beckman, Stress and non-stress accent, Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1986.
[2] Delphine Dahan and Jean-Marc Bernard, "Inter-speaker variability in emphatic accent production in French," Language Speech, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 341–374, 1996.
[3] Yi Xu and Ching X. Xu, "Phonetic realization of focus in English declarative intonation," Journal of Phonetics, vol. 33, pp. 159–197, 2005.
[4] Alice Turk and Laurence White, "Structural influences on accentual lengthening in English," Journal of Phonetics, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 171–206, 1999.
[5] Yiya Chen, "Durational adjustment under corrective focus in Standard Chinese," Journal of Phonetics, vol. 34, pp. 176–201, 2006.

Simulations of mobile radio systems require propagation models for determining the channel characteristics for a given arbitrary scenario. Propagation path loss models can be used to predict wireless channel characteristics like received signal strength, multipath effects, and interference. These predictions are an important aspect of simulation of wireless networks and aid in the high-level network planning process. Various models are available for modeling propagation characteristics and they vary in terms of both modeling performance and computational complexity. Propagation path loss models can be used to predict wireless channel characteristics like received signal strength, multipath effects, and interference. This paper includes the discussion on next generation networks and propagation models in NS3.

Simulations, Propagation, Path loss, Performance, NS3.

[1]. H. L. Bertoni, "Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems" Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall PTR, 2000, pp. 90-92.
[2]. H. Sizun, P.de Fornel, "Radio Wave Propagation for Telecommunication Applications" Springer, ISBN: 978- 3540407584, 2004.
[3]. F.D.Cardoso, S.Taccori, L.M.Correia, IST-2001-32125 FLOWS, "Initial Propagation Models". pp.20, 2002.
[4]. Nagendra sah and Amit Kumar "CSP Algorithm in Predicting and Optimizing the Path Loss of Wireless Empirical Propagation Models"International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, October, 2009.
[5]. Tapan K. Sarkar, Zhong Ji, Kyungjung Kim, Abdellatif Medour "A Survey of Various Propagation Models for Mobile Communication" IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 45, No. 3, June 2003.

In this paper, we study some of the properties of interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy subring of a ring and prove some results on these. 2000 AMS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 03F55, 08A72, 20N25.

Interval valued fuzzy subset, interval valued fuzzy subring, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy subset, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy subring.

[1]. Akram.M and Dar.K.H, On fuzzy d-algebras, Punjab university journal of mathematics, 37(2005), 61- 76.
[2]. Asok Kumer Ray, On product of fuzzy subgroups, Fuzzy sets and systems, 105, 181-183 (1999 ).
[3]. Azriel Rosenfeld, Fuzzy Groups, Journal of mathematical analysis and applications, 35, 512-517 (1971).
[4]. Biswas.R, Fuzzy subgroups and Anti-fuzzy subgroups, Fuzzy sets and systems, 35,121-124 ( 1990 ).
[5]. Grattan-Guiness, Fuzzy membership mapped onto interval and many valued quantities, Z.Math.Logik. Grundladen Math. 22 (1975), 149-160.

Purpose: This study examines the effects of atmospheric pollution emanating from transport infrastructure on human health in mega cities of INDIA(in particular study of DELHI ,capital city of INDIA and HYDERABAD, capital city of ANDHRA PRADESH state) . The paper makes an absorbing quest for the creation of a sustainable transport environment in Indian megacities along with a detailed investigation of the existing problems in health by motorized transport system. Thus the scheme of this paper is to examine the extent of the problem and to suggest remedial measures. Primary and secondary data were used for this research. The primary source involves the use of structured questionnaires to elicit information on the effects of transport pollutants in the study area.The secondary data was obtained from government periodicals, unpublished theses and journals. Analytical and statistical techniques have been used for interpretation and data representation...

Urbanization, Transport , Atmosphere , Emission , Health, Automobile, planning

[1]. Road transport year book (2009-10 & 2010-11) transport research wing, ministry of road transport &highways government OF INDIA new DELHI ,JULY 2012
[2]. India ,an emerging automobile giant
[3]. Sustainable Transport Environment in Indian Megacities: problems and Remedies BY ASHOK KUMAR.
[4]. Global warming: a close look at the numbers The Emissions Gap Report 2012-current and projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions
[5]. Health issues in Transport and the implications for policy by Andrew Downing , TRL and DINESH SETHI,LSHTM. Review of Urban Transportation in India by sanjay K singh, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

In this paper, a PIFA loaded with split ring resonator (SRR) is presented, in which frequency switching is performed by varying the radius of split rings. The proposed Planar inverted- F antenna (PIFA) without metamaterial resonates at 7.46 GHz with return loss of -23.71 dB, gain value 5.41 dBi and bandwidth 361.8 MHz. Proposed PIFA structures with metamaterial loading resonates at multiple frequencies with gain and bandwidth enhancement in comparison to reference antenna. Size reduction is also accomplished after loading with metamaterial. Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method is employed to verify the single negative (SNG) metamaterial characteristics of split ring resonator. Design is simulated using HFSS Software.

Multiband, metamaterial, Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW), PIFA, return loss.

[1]. Hattan F. AbuTarboush, R. Nilavalan,Thomas Peter, and S. W. Cheung, "Multiband Inverted-F Antenna With Independent Bands for Small and Slim Cellular Mobile Handsets," IEEE transactions on Antenna and Propagation, Vol.59, pp. 7, July 2011.
[2]. Z. Ying, "Some important antenna innovations in the mobile terminal industry in the last decade," in Proceeding of 1st European Conference on Antennas and Propagation EuCAP, pp. 1–5, Nov. 2006.
[3]. P. S. Hall, E. Lee, and C. T. P. Song, "Planar inverted-F antennas," in UPrinted Antennas for Wireless Communications, R. Waterhouse, Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, ch. 7, 2007
[4]. T. G. Moore, "Multiband PIFA Antenna for Portable Devices," U.S. patent application number: 9/814,171 publication number: US 2002/ 0135521-A1, Mar. 21, 2001.
[5]. V.G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative electrical and magnetic properties", Soviet Physics Uspekhi, Vol. 10, pp.509-517, Jan-Feb. 1968.

In hydro generator breakage of pressing finger is major problem generally occurs due to surface crack on pressing fingers. Surface crack propagation leads break down of hydro generator. Break down of hydro generator increase maintenance cost and time. It also leads replacement of existing generator. Replacement of hydro generator is so costly because cost of one generator is approximately one cror rupees.it also disrupts production of electricity. Now days Dye Penetration Testing (DPT)apply for testing surface crack which was the root cause of breakdown of hydro generator. This Non Destructive Testing (NDT) detect surface crack of pressing fingers. After applying DPT on pressing fingers apply statistical analysis of samples of its and then control chart also applies on fingers which give result in terms of acceptance or rejection of its.Acceptence sample goes forward in operation and other samples reject.

flaw detection, product quality, DPT and control chart.

[1]. "Monthly All India Installed Generation Capacity Report" Retrieved 23 May 2014.
[2]. T.S. Bhatti, R.C. Bansal, D.P. Kothari (Eds.), Small Hydro Power Systems, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, Delhi, India(2004)
[3]. Atkins Oil & Gas Engineering Ltd A parametric costing model for wave energy technology tech. rep. ETSU report number wv-1685 The UK Department of Trade and Industry and the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) (1992)
[4]. Cartz, Louis (1995). Non-destructive Testing. A S M International. ISBN 978-0-87170-517-4.
[5]. Charles Hellier(2003). Handbook of Non-destructive Evaluation. McGraw-Hill. p. 1.1. ISBN 0-07- 028121-1

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an advance machining process primarily used for hard metals which are not possible to machine. In die Sinking EDM process, two metal parts are submerged in an insulating liquid and areconnected to a source of current which is switched on and off automatically. Parametric analysis has been done by conducting a set of experiments on high carbon-chromium steel with copper and graphite as electrodes and high carbon oil as the dielectric medium. This study focuses on the influence of process parameter such as pulse on time, duty cycle, current, voltage gap and pressure on EDM and effect of this process parameter on MRR, EWR and surface roughness has been studied.CCD was used for conducting the experiment and developing empirical models for MRR, surface roughness and EWR with the help of Minitab software.

CCD, ANOVA analysis and Material removal rate, Surface Roughness

[1]. Dr.Pradeepkumar, Dr. A.K. Sharma, IIT Roorkee: NPTEL, EDM process Alan O.sykes, Chicago Working Paper in Law & Economics, An introduction to regression analysis, the inaugural coase lecture, Petropoulos, N.M. Vaxevanidisand C. Pandazaras, modelling of surface finish in electrodischarge machining based upon statistical multi-parameter analysis, J. Mater,process, technol,2004, 155-156, P 1247-1251.
[2]. I. Puertas, C.J. Luis and L. Alvarez, Analysis of the influence of EDM parameters on surface quality, MRR and EW of WC-Co, J. Mater process, technol,2004, 153-154, P 1026-1032 palanikumar, K., 2007. Modelling and analysis for surface roughness in machining glass fibre reinforced plastics using response surface methodology. Mater des., 28: 2611-2618.
[3]. kanagarajan, D. Karthikeyan, R. Ppalanikumar, K. Sivaraj, 2009, influence of process parameters on electric discharge machining of WC/30%Co composite, proc.IMechE, Part B: J.engineering manufacture,222,PP,807-815.
[4]. S Gopalakannan,Tsenthilvelan,S Ranganathan,2012,modelling and optimization of EDM process parameters on machining of Al 7075-B4C MMc using RSM, procedia engineering 38 (2012) 685- 690 Azom.com, 2014, D2 Tool Steel - High-Carbon, High-Chromium, Cold-Work Steel (UNS T30402), (accessed 2014-6-7)
[5]. AkmAsifIqbal and Ahsan Ali Khan, Modelling and analysis of MRR, EWR, and surface Roughness in EDM milling through response surface methodology, journal of engineering and applied science 154- 162 2010

This research article focus that Billions of "Raindrop" emanated from "White clouds" considered as Thalam (Tala) composed of three-in-one fundamental ions Photon, Electron, Proton of "J-RADIATION". This article further focus that the J-Radiation emanated from "White hole" region of universe shall be considered as "SOUL" of MUSIC CLOUDS. In proto Indo Europe language white clouds shall be called as "MUKIL" (Mukil).

a) Soul Music
b) Frog Music
c) Whistle Music
d) Parliament Music
e) Stardom of Music
f) e-Music

[1]. Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
[2]. M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
[3]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
[4]. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
[5]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012

The effect of proportion of maltodextrin and gum arabic as carrier material and the percentage of nutmeg essential oil as flavor load on microencapsulation by spray drying was studied. The proportions of 0, 20, 40 and 60 percent gum arabic (w/w) in the carrier blend and 10, 20 and 30 percent nutmeg oil (w/w) as flavor load were studied. Emulsions were microencapsulated in a vertical co-current spray drier equipped with a rotary wheel atomizer operated at 18000 rpm. The inlet air temperature was set at 180 ± 2oC. The microcapsules formed were then analyzed for their physical characteristics. Flavor load was found to have no influence whereas blend proportion was found to influence the moisture content. True density increased until 40% gum arabic and decreased thereafter. Solubility increased with increase in flavor load and blend ratio. Though the highest encapsulation efficiency of 70.1% was obtained at a flavor loading of 10% at a carrier proportion of 40% gum arabic, further decrease was marginal with increase in flavor load up to 20%. Considering the product characteristics, a 40% gum arabic in the carrier blend and a flavor loading of 20% nutmeg oil were found to be optimum. The micrographs of optimum combination showed uniform spherical powder with surface dents and a central void with microdrops distributed in the solid matrix.

Microencapsulation, essential oil, spray drying, encapsulation efficiency, carrier material, flavor load

[1]. Reineccius, G.A. Carbohydrates for flavor encapsulation. Food Technology 45 (3): 144-146, 1991.
[2.] Bhandari, B. Spray drying: an encapsulation technique for food flavours. In Mujumdar, A.S. (Ed). Dehydration of Products of Biological Origin, p. 513-533. Enfield: Science Publishers, 2010.
[3]. Re, M. Microencapsulation by spray drying. Drying Technology 16 (6): 1195-1236, 1998.
[4]. Leahy, M., Anandaraman, S. and Bangs, W. Spray drying of food flavors. II. A comparison of encapsulating agents for the drying of artificial flavors. Perfumer and Flavorist 8: 49–58, 1983.
[5]. Krishnan, S., Bhosale, R. and Singhal, R.S. Microencapsulation of cardamom oleoresin: Evaluation of blends of gum arabic, maltodextrin and a modified starch as wall materials. Carbohydrate Polymers 61 (1): 95-102, 2005.

Many efficient algorithms and architectures for the design of low-complexity bit-parallel Multiple Constant Multiplications (MCM) operation that dominates the complexity of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems. On the other hand, digit-serial architectures offer alternative low-complexity designs, since digit-serial operators occupy less area and are independent of the data word length. This paper introduces the problem of designing a digit-serial MCM operation with minimal area at gate-level and presents the exact formalization of the area optimization problem In this paper, we address the problem of optimizing the area using multiple constant multiplier, design architecture. The proposed optimization algorithm is used in the design of digit-serial finite impulse response filters that will yield better performance, with high efficiency.

Digit Serial Adder, Fir filter, Multiple Constant Multiplications (MCM), Optimum Area, Power, Shift and Add Adder.

[1]. H. Nguyen and A. Chatterjee, "NumberSplitting with Shift-and-Add Decomposition for Power and Hardware Optimization in Linear DSP Synthesis," IEEE Trans [2]. R. Hartley,‖Subexpression Sharing in Filters using Canonic Signed Digit Multiplier,‖IEEE TCAS II [3]. L. Aksoy, E. Costa, P. Flores, and J. Monteiro "Exact and Approximate Algorithms for the Optimization of Area and Delay in Multiple Constant Multiplications," IEEE TCAD.
[4]. A. Dempster and M. Macleod' ―Use of Minimum Adder Multiplier Blocks in FIR Digital Filters," IEEE TCAS II.‖[5]. Y. Voronenco and M Piischel,‖Multiplierless Multiple Constant Multiplier‖, ACM Transactions on Algorithms.

Age, growth, mortality and exploitation status of Liza falcipinnis were studied in Ebrié and Grand- Lahou lagoons, Ivory Coast from January 2006 to December 2007. A total of 2162 specimens were examined (914 and 1248 in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively). Monthly length frequency data were analyzed by FiSAT software for estimation of population parameters. Asymptotic length (L∞) was 39.9 and 42.0 cm for Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively. Growth coefficient (K) was 0.36 year-1 and 0.20 year-1 respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons, and the calculated growth performance index (φ') was 2.76 and 2.59 for Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively. Total mortality (Z) by length-converted catch curve was estimated at 1.28 year-1 and 1.43 year-1 respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons, fishing mortality (F) at 0.46 year-1 and 0.53 year-1, and natural mortality (M) at 0.82 year-1 and 0.90 year-1 respectively in Ebrié and
Grand-Lahou lagoons The exploitation level (E) was estimated to be 0.36 and 0.37 in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou
lagoons respectively. The recruitment pattern was continuous with two major peaks event per year. The
exploitation level (E = 0.36 and 0.37 < 0.50) and lower fishing mortality (0.46 year-1 and 0.53 year-1) indicate
that the Liza falcipinnis stock is under-exploited. Wherever, the majority of fish caught in the both lagoons at a
size far below the first sexual length. This suggests for management purpose and conservation the reproducing
part in the both lagoons.

Sickle fin mullet, length frequency, first maturity, population structure, West Africa

[1]. J. Dulcic, S. Matic-Skoko, A. Paladin and M. Kraljevic,. "Age, growth, and mortality of brown comber, Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Serranidae), in the eastern Adriatic (Croatian coast) ". J. Appl. Ichthyol. vol. 23 (2), pp. 195-197, 2007.
[2]. Y. Wang and L. Liu, "Estimation of natural mortality using statistical analysis of fisheries catch-atage data". Fish. Res. Vol. 78, pp. 342-351, 2006.
[3]. S.M.N. Amin, M.A. Halim, M. Barua and A. Arshad, "Population dynamics and exploitation level of
green-lipped mussel (Perna viridis) using FiSAT from the offshore island of the Cox's Bazaar coast of
Bangladesh". Pertanika J. Trop. Agr. Sci. vol. 28, pp. 103-109, 2005.

Laminated composite materials are being increasingly used in various engineering applications due to high specific strength, stiffness, low weight and corrosion resistance. These materials are selected for weight critical application due to good rating as per the fatigue failure is concerned. This investigation utilizes the suitable test-rig which is capable of generating data related to dynamic failure behaviour of laminated composite specimens. The experimental data generated from the test rig is analysed to understand the failure behaviour of laminated composites of carbon/ epoxy. The flexural fatigue tests are conducted to obtain stiffness degradation curves to interpret the failure behaviour. This paper explicitly discus and presents the influence of orientation sequence of stacking subjected to flexural fatigue. The fatigue failure process is presented in terms of the stiffness degradation verses number of load cycles.

FRP, epoxy resin, signal conditioning system, load cell, data acquisition system, stiffness degradation

[1]. C. K. H. Dharan, "Fatigue failure in graphite fibers and glass fibers-polymer composites," J. Mater. Sci., 10, 1665–1670 (1975).
[2]. J. Awerbuch and H. T. Hahn, "Fatigue of filamentary composite materials," in: ASTM STP 636 (1977), pp. 248–266.
[3]. H. T. Hahn and L. Lorenzo, "Fatigue failure mechanisms in composite laminates. Advances in fracture research," in: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Fracture (New Delhi, India, 4–10 Dec.) (1984), pp. 549–568.
[4]. J. F. Mandell, "Fatigue behavior of fiber resin composites, developments in reinforced plastics," in: G. Pritchard (Ed.), Applied Science Publishers, London, New York (1982), pp. 67–107.
[5]. K.Vasanth kumar, Dr.P.Ram Reddy, Dr.D.V.Ravi Shankar "flexural fatigue failure analysis of glass polyester unidirectional angle ply composite laminate" Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2014, pp.46-58.
[6]. Raif Sakin, Irfan Ay "Statistical analysis of bending fatigue life data using Weibull distribution in glassfiber reinforced polyester composites,"Elsevier.Materials and Design 29,(2008),pp.1170-1181

CNT, EDM, MWNT,PHEDM, SWNT, SR,

Multiband, metamaterial, Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW), PIFA, return loss.

[1]. J. Y. Kao, C. C. Tsao, S. S. Wang and C. Y. Hsu, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. 47, 395 (2010).
[2]. S. Singh, S. Maheshwari, A. Dey and P. C. Pandey, Int. J. Manuf. Tech. Manage. 21, 67 (2010).
[3]. K. M. Patel, P. M. Pandey and P. V. Rao, J. Eng. Mater. Technol, T. ASME 133, (2011).
[4]. T. Y. Tai and S. J. Lu, Int. J. Fatigue 31, 433 (2009).
[5]. J. Marafona and C. Wykes, Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manu. 40, 153 (2000).

In recent years, biometric authentication has become one of the popular strategy for various applications like ATMs, online banking, e-commerce websites etc., New biometric modalities are currently being tested and implemented. In this paper, a relatively new paradigm using fusion of biometric images eye vein and finger vein is proposed. Though different multimodalities exist this combination is unique and gives promising results and hence can be considered in future as a positive biometric trait. The proposed approach is based on the fusion of the two traits by extracting independent feature pointsets from the two modalities and making them compatible for concatenation. The concatenated feature pointset has better discrimination power than the individual feature vectors. The proposed eye vein and finger vein fused template was evaluated using publicly available UBIRIS, IUPUI and SDUMLA-HMT multi wavelength database. The experimental results show that this technique is efficient and provides accurate identity verification than other biometric traits.

Biometrics, Multimodal, Eye vein, Sclera, Fingervein, Authentication

[1]. Arunkumar.V, Malathy.C "Multimodal Biometrics by Fusion of Fingervein and Fingerprint Images" Proceedings of the 4th National Conference; INDIACom-2010, Feb. 2010
[2]. Ouda, O.; Tsumura, N.; Nakaguchi, T., "Tokenless Cancelable Biometrics Scheme for Protecting Iris Codes," Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2010 20th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.882,885, 23- 26 Aug. 2010
[3]. Yan Sui et al., "Secure and privacy-preserving biometrics based active authentication," Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2012 IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1291,1296, 14-17 Oct. 2012
[4]. Yongming Yang, Kunming Lin, Fengling Han, Zulong Zhang "Dynamic Weighting for Effective Fusion of Fingerprint and Finger Vein", Progress in "Intelligent Computing and Applications", Vol 1, No1, Oct. 2012.
[5]. Zhi Zhou, Eliza Y.Du, N.Luke Thomas, Edward J.Delp, "A comprehensive multimodal eye recognition". "Springer", DOI 10.1007/s11760-013-0468-8, published online on April 2013.

Day by day the use of sophisticated electronic devices is increased. Unfortunately these devices are very sensitive to power quality disturbances. Power quality disturbances is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current, or frequency that results in tripping or failure of end use equipments. One of the major problems dealt here are power sag/swell. To solve this problem custom devices are used. Among these, the distribution static compensator, dynamic voltage restorer and unified power quality conditioner which are based on the VSC principle are used for power quality improvement. This paper mainly proposes a new connection for a interline unified power quality conditioner (IUPQC) to improve the power quality between two feeders in a distribution system. The proposed configuration of the UPQC is developed and verified for various Power quality disturbances by simulating the model using MATLB/SIMULINK.

Power Quality, PQ disturbances, Interline unified power flow controller (IUPQC), Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), total harmonic distortion (THD).

[1]. R.N.Bhargavi, ―Power Quality Improvement Using Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner‖ published in 2011 IEEE.
[2]. G. Ledwich and A. Ghosh, ―A flexible DSTATCOM operating in voltage and current control mode,‖ Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Gen., Transm. Distrib., vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 215–224, 2002.
[3]. M. K. Mishra, A. Ghosh, and A. Joshi, ―Operation of a DSTATCOM in voltage control mode,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 1, pp.258–264, Jan. 2003.
[4]. A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, ―A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) for simultaneous voltage and current compensation,‖ Elect Power Syst. Res., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 55–63, 2001.
[5]. Wang H. F., Jazaeri M. and Cao Y. J., ―Operating modes and control interaction analysis of unified power flow controller,‖ IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 264-270, 2005.b

Fuzzy clustering is a data analysis technique that, when applied to a set of heterogeneous items, identifies homogenous subgroups as defined by a given model or measure of similarity in fuzzy environment. Moreover, fuzzy clustering methodology has been developed and used in variety of areas like biology, computer science, engineering, medicine etc. In this paper, fuzzy cluster model is developed to analyze the land suitability based on the nutrients requirements of various agricultural crops for cultivation. Finally, to demonstrate the model, an analytic technique for land suitability analysis is given in this paper.

Fuzzy Set theory, fuzzy cluster analysis, land suitability analysis.

[1]. Ali Keshavarzi et al., (2010), Land Suitability Evaluation using Fuzzy Continuous Classification (A Case Study: Ziaran Region), Mordern Applied Science, Vol.4, No. 7, pp.72-81.
[2]. Dmitry Kurtener et al. (2008), Evaluation of Agricultural Land Suitability: Application of Fuzzy Indicators, Springer – Verlag, pp.475 – 490.
[3]. Fang Qiu et al., (2014), Modeling land suitability / capability using fuzzy evaluation, Geo Journal, 79: 167 – 182.
[4]. George J. Klir and Bo Yuan, (2006), Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.
[5]. Hansen, J.W. et al., (1998). Systems-based Land-Use Evaluation at the South Coast of Puerto Rico. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 14 (2): 191-200.

Based on requirements of modern vehicle, in- vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN) architecture has been implemented. In order to reduce point to point wiring harness in vehicle automation, CAN is suggested as a means for data communication within the vehicle environment. The benefits of CAN bus based network over traditional point to point schemes will offer increased flexibility and expandability for future technology insertions.
This paper describes system which uses sensors to measure various parameters of the car like speed, distance from the other car, presence of alcohol in car and accidental change of lane and sends a warning signal to the driver if any of the parameter goes out of range to avoid accidents and breakdown of car . In addition to this if accident occurs in any remote area then using bump sensor accident is detected and SMS is send immediately using GSM. Also temperature and pressure sensors are implemented to check engine's temperature and fuel pressure for regular maintenance. A situation that provides a good example of how the system works is when a driver is about to change lanes, and there is a car in his blind spot. The sensors will detect that car and inform the driver before he starts turning, preventing him from potentially getting into a serious accident.

Biometrics, Multimodal, Eye vein, Sclera, Fingervein, Authentication

[1]. Li Ran, Wu Junfeng, Wang Haiying, Li Gechen. "Design Method of CAN BUS Network Communication Structure for Electric Vehicle", IFOST 2010 Proceedings IEEE.
[2]. Yujia Wang, Hao Su, Mingjun Zhang., "CAN-Bus-Based Communication System Research for Modular underwater Vehicle", 2011 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICICTA.2011.
[3]. Chin E. Lin, S. F. Tai, H. T. Lin, T. P. Chen, P. K. Chang, C. C. Kao "Prototype Of A Small Aircraft Avionics Using Hybrid Data Bus Technology" 2005 IEEE
[4]. Chin E. Lin, Hung-Ming Yen, "A Prototype Dual Can-Bus Avionics System For Small Aircraft Transportation System" 2006 IEEE.
[5]. V. Claesson, C. Ekelin, N. Suri, "The event-triggered and time- triggered medium-access methods", 6th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed computing, May 14-16, 2003, pp. 131-134.

Stacking finger plays a important role in hydro generator. Stacking finger used to take a load and voltage fluctuation during the production electricity. If any stacking fingers is found to be defective than the working of hydro generator is affected. To reduce failure of hydro generator, it is important to use a good quality stacking finger. In Present work quality improvement of stacking finger is done with the help of ultrasonic testing technique at the time of inspection after production of stacking finger. In this work for quality measurement of stacking fingers C-chart and pareto chart is used.

Stacking finger, Ultrasonic testing, C-chart, Pareto chart

[1]. Antoni Turó, Juan A. Chávez , Miguel J. García-Hernández, András Bulkai, Péter Tomek, Gabor Tóth, Anna Gironés , Jordi Salazar (2013); Ultrasonic inspection system for powder metallurgy parts; Measurement 46 (2013) 1101–1108.
[2]. Bernard H. Hertlein (2013) ;Stress wave testing of concrete ; Construction and Building Materials 38 (2013) 1240–1245
[3]. Fitting DW, Adler L. Ultrasonic spectral analysis for nondestructive evaluation. New York: Plenum Press, 1981
[4]. (6)Vanlanduit Steve, Guillaume Patrick. "On-line monitoring of fatigue cracks using ultrasonic surface waves" NDT&E International (2003).online
[5]. B. Chassignole , R.ElGuerjouma , M.-A.Ploix , T.Fouquet (2010); Ultrasonic and structural characterization of anisotropic austenitic stainless steel welds;NDT&E International 43 (2010)

Hausmannite, Mn3O4, nanoparticles were synthesized successfully via combustion synthesis route with MnCl2.4H2O as manganese source. The samples were characterized to find the structural, functional and magnetic properties by XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman and VSM respectively. An attempt is made to summarize the detailed field dependent magnetization study of the synthesized material is presented. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal crystal structure with size 35nm. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral and octahedral co-ordination confirming the crystal structure. Magnetic studies of the as synthesized sample depict paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature. The superparamagnetic behaviour was observed at room temperature with no saturation magnetization and hysteresis in the region of measured field strength. These measurements as a function of temperature and field strength showed a reduction in ferrimagnetic temperature Tc = 41K as compared to those reported for the bulk Tc = 43K.

A. Oxides, A. Nanostructure B. Chemical synthesis B. Magnetic properties

[1]. E. Grootendorst, Y. Verbeek, V. Ponce, J. Catal. 706 – 712 (1995) 157.
[2]. H. Gleiter, Acta. Mater. 1-29 (2000) 48.
[3]. M.C. Bernard, H.L. Goff, B.V. Thi, J. Elect. Chem. Soc. 3065 (1993) 140.
[4]. A.H. De Vries, L. Hozoi, R. Broer, Phys. Rev. B 035108 (2002) 66.
[5]. W.S. Kijlstra, J. Daamen, J.M. Vandegraaf, B. Vanderlinden, E.K. Poels, A. Bliek, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 337 (1996) 7.

Every year an increasing number of women are being diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Detection and Screening has become an extremely important part of health care. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to comprehensively compare the engineering techniques behind breast cancer detection. Each technique has its own risks and benefits. The paper lists the various techniques prevalent in different part of the world and compares their various aspects.

Breast Cancer, Cancer screening, Emerging Technologies, Detection, Mammography

[1]. http://www.breastcancerindia.net/bc/statistics/stat_global.htm
[2]. Fred S. Azar, University of Pennsylvania, Imaging Techniques for Detecting Breast Cancer: Survey and Perspectives.
[3]. Vidya Sarode, Priya M. Chimurkar, Alice N. Cheeran, Electrical Impedance Tomography based Medical Imaging Using Finite Element Method.
[4]. http://www.breastcancer.org
[5]. Murari Kejariwal, Kevin Kaster, John Jurist and Jithendar Pakanati, Breast Cancer Detection Using Electrical Impedance Tomography: SPICE Simulation

This paper presents the DSTATCOM topology for compensation of AC and DC loads. The DC loads are supplied through inverter DC link due to these loads capacitor voltages will get distorted. In this the algorithm instantaneous symmetrical components used to extract positive sequence of supply voltage to generate reference compensator currents under unbalance and non stiff supply voltages. Its state space model is presented and state matrix components have been developed considering unbalance non stiff source. The voltage source inverter has operated in current controlled mode, switching pulses for the filter have been developed using two level and three level hysteresis controller. Examined the proposed theory under transient conditions using two level and three level Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC). It is observed in the three level hysteresis current controller variation of DC capacitor voltages are less under transient conditions. This is because of in three level hysteresis controller, inverter switching strategies uses inverter zero output condition. The simulations have done in MAT LAB to validate the proposed ideas.

Active power filter, AC loads, Non linear Loads, Distribution static compensator, Theory of Instantaneous symmetrical components.

[1]. M. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags andInterruptions. New York: IEEE Press, 1999.
[2]. Karuppanan P, Saswat Kumar Ram and KamalaKanta mahapatra "Three level Hysteresis current controller based Active power filter for harmonic compensation, Proceedings of ICETECT 2011, pp 407-412.
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Ionic conduction studies of niobium oxide thin films in aqueous electrolytes over wide range of temperatures and current densities in various aqueous electrolytes have been made. The rate controlling step during growth of niobium oxide films is found to be ionic movement across the film and not at the metal/oxide interface. A single barrier theory of anodic growth of the film based on metal/ oxide interface control as proposed by Cabrera and Mott6is not found to be applicable. As according to this theory.....

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