This research aims to optimize the clean water distribution system at PDAM LematangEnimTanjungEnim Branch, which faces the main problem in the form of lack of efficiency in water distribution. With the population continuing to increase, the need for clean water in LawangKidul District is also increasingly urgent, reaching 10,722 house connections in 2023. This study uses a quantitative analysis approach and hydraulic simulation method with EPANET software to calculate water discharge needs, pipeline design, and evaluation of existing distribution systems.........

[1]. Arifuddin, Parung Herman, & Thaha Arsyad. (2018). Analisis Kapasitas dan Penambahan Jaringan Pipa Distribusi PDAM di Wilayah Pesisir Kecamatan Tallo Kota Makassar .
[2]. Ibrahim Mochammad, Masrevaniah Aniek, & Dermawan Very. (2012). Analisa Hidrolis Pada Komponen Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Dengan Waternet dan Watercad Versi 8 (Studi Kasus Kampung Digiouwa, Kampung Mawa dan Kampung Ikebo, Distrik Kamu, Kabupaten Dogiyai). Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya.
[3]. Juli Arinansah. (2020). Analisa Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Bersih di Desa Sumber Makmur Kecamatan Nibung Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara. Bina Darma Conference on Engineering Science , 234–239.
[4]. Kalensun. (2016). Perencanaansistem Jaringan distribusi air bersih di Kelurahan Pangolombian Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan. Jurnal Sipil Statik, 4(2).
[5]. Kusumastuti, A., & Khoiron, A. M. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Karanggawang Barat). Lembaga Pendidikan Sukarno Pressindo.

This study aims to analyze the tidal characteristics of the Borang River, Palembang City, and determine the safe elevation for the planned raw water intake. The main issues raised include the impact of tides on the planned location of the additional raw water intake, the elevation characteristics during the highest and lowest tide peaks, and the safety of the intake structure against important tidal elevations. The scope of the study includes tidal observations for 15 days with hourly measurements to obtain accurate data. The method used in this study is harmonic analysis with the Least Square method, which allows the calculation of the amplitude and phase of tidal components. The required data include primary data taken from field observations and secondary data from Perumda Tirta Musi..........

[1]. Defant, A. (1958). Ebb and Flow: The Tides of Earth, Air, and Water. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan.
[2]. Gross, M. G. (1990). Oceanography : A View of Earth. Prentice Hall. Inc. Englewood Cliff. New Jersey.
[3]. King, C. A. M. (1966). An Introduction to Oceanography. McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. New York. San Francisco.
[4]. Mac Milan, C. D. H. (1966). Tides Fenomena Pasut. American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York.
[5]. Musrifin. (2011). Analisis Pasang Surut Perairan Muara Sungai Mesjid Dumai. Dalam Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan (Vol. 16).

In the highly competitive market of modern logistics and e-commerce, warehouse efficiency is one of the primary factors of supply chain success. Order picking is often cited as the most labor-intensive and costly operation within a distribution center accounting for over 50% of total warehouse operating costs. This research focuses on the Joint Order Batching and Picker Routing Problem (JOBPRP), an NP-hard optimization problem that simultaneously groups customer orders into batches and determine optimal travel paths to minimize total distance..........

[1]. Boz, E., & Aras, N. (2022). The order batching problem: A state-of-the-art review. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 40(2), 402–420.
[2]. Brimberg, J., Salhi, S., Todosijević, R., & Urošević, D. (2023). Variable Neighborhood Search: The power of change and simplicity. Computers & Operations Research, 155, 106221.
[3]. Cheng, C. Y., Chen, Y. Y., Chen, T. L., & Yoo, J. J. W. (2015). Using a hybrid approach based on the particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization to solve a joint order batching and picker routing problem. International Journal of Production Economics, 170, 805-814.
[4]. Falkenauer, E. (1998). Genetic algorithms and grouping problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[5]. Hansen, P., Mladenović, N., Brimberg, J., & Pérez, J. A. M. (2019). Variable neighborhood search. In Handbook of Metaheuristics (pp. 57-97). Springer International Publishing.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has generated a massive volume of product reviews, which serve as valuable resources for analyzing consumer satisfaction and product feedback. Sentiment analysis techniques can efficiently extract emotional tendencies from such unstructured texts, providing critical insights for businesses to optimize products and formulate marketing strategies. This study aims to investigate the performance differences between Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and their enhanced variant—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)—in the task of sentiment classification of product reviews..........

[1]. Benzirar A, Hamidi M, Bouami F M. 2025. Building a speech emotion recognition system using RNN, GRU and LSTM. *International Journal of Speech Technology*, 28(3): 1-15. DOI:10.1007/S10772-025-10214-Z.
[2]. Yu X, Yang Y. 2025. Real-Time Chord Perception Using LSTM-Based RNN with Monitor Mechanism for Music Education and Analysis. *Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers*. DOI:10.1142/S0218126625504675.
[3]. Kumar S, Pandey S, Singh R, et al. 2025. Leveraging neural networks (RNN LSTM) in enhancing energy efficiency and network lifetime in WSNs. *International Journal of Information Technology*. DOI:10.1007/S41870-025-02675-X.
[4]. Samrraie A A L, Abdalla M A, Alrawashdeh B A K, et al. 2025. Deep Learning Models Based on CNN, RNN, and LSTM for Rainfall Forecasting: Jordan as a Case Study. *Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems*, 12(7). DOI:10.18280/MMEP.120724.
[5]. Zelios V, Mastorocostas P, Kandilogiannakis G, et al. 2025. Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting Using Deep Learning: A Case Study in Greece with RNN, LSTM, and GRU Networks. *Electronics*, 14(14): 2820. DOI:10.3390/ELECTRONICS14142820.

The exercise of physical therapy (PT) is not only for a simple form of rehabilitation. It's a complete retraining process, involving muscles, lower limb nerves, and the endocrine system. For athletes recovering from injury or surgery, it's not just about reducing pain and replacing knee implants; more importantly, it's about restoring athletic ability, strength, and even confidence and courage. The total knee replacement patients are a good model for observing exercise due to postoperative patients have been shown in the literature to have a great need for exercise of PT to improve their ability to move healthily and effective.........

[1]. Ahmadi, M., Teymoori, E., Fereidouni, A., Hosseini, S. A., Maleki, Z. et al. 2025. Impact of home-based exercise and clinic-based physiotherapy on mobility status of patients undergoing total knee replacement: A randomized clinical trial, J Bodyw Mov Ther, 45, 431-437.
[2]. Chen, W. Q., Qin, X. L., Yang, H. Z., Tan, Z., Liu, P. 2025. Impact of cloud-based follow-up exercise prescription on knee function and quality of life in homebound patients post-total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial, J Orthop Surg Res, 20:1, 809, doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06187-z.
[3]. Chimei. 2025. Physical therapy after partial or total knee replacement. https://www.chimei.org.tw/main/cmh/department/ 59012/info/ 5100/A5100210.html.
[4]. Choi, M. 2023. Comparison of physical function, proprioception, muscle strength, postural balance, and walking in older women with and without total knee arthroplasty, Medicine (Baltimore), 102:24, e33034. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033034.
[5]. Coetzee, M., Clifford, A. M., Bedada, D. T., Bergh, O., Louw, Q. A. 2025. Preoperative clinical phenotyping for individualized rehabilitation in end-stage knee osteoarthritis, J Funct Morphol Kinesiol, 10:3, 360. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10030360

The idea of quality in software industries has become a crucial factor in determining an organization's success in the quickly changing digital age. The aspects of software quality, quality management techniques, measurement strategies, and the difficulties businesses encounter while putting quality-centric procedures into place are all covered in this essay. Global quality standards and new developments that influence software development quality requirements are also covered. The objective is to offer a cogent synthesis of theoretical frameworks and useful insights for improving software services and product quality.

[1] D. M. B. Paiva, A. P. Freire, and R. P. de Mattos Fortes, "Accessibility and Software Engineering Processes: A Systematic Literature Review," J. Syst. Softw., vol. 171, p. 110819, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.110819.
[2] H. Femmer, D. Méndez Fernández, S. Wagner, and S. Eder, "Rapid quality assurance with requirements Smells," J. Syst. Softw., vol. 123, pp. 190–213, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.047.
[3] S. Khalid, U. Rasheed, M. Abbas, A Model Driven Framework for Standardizing Requirement Elicitation by Quantifying Software Quality factor In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC), Nov (2021), pp. 1-6, 10.1109/ICIC53490.2021.9693054
[4] H.F. Hofmann, F. Lehner, Requirements engineering as a success factor in software projects, IEEE Softw, 18 (4) (Jul. 2001), pp. 58-66, 10.1109/MS.2001.936219
[5] Association for Computing Machinery-Digital Library, "Requirement Elicitation Framework for Child Learning Application - A Research Plan," in ICSIM 2019: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Management, Association for Computing Machinery, 2019, pp. 129–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3305160.3305195.

The protection of children from sexual exploitation represents one of the most critical obligations of a modern criminal justice system. India has witnessed a significant evolution in its penal framework with the replacement of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Alongside this general criminal law framework operates the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, a special statute enacted to address sexual crimes against minors through child-friendly procedures and stringent punishments. This research paper examines the extent to which the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita harmonizes with the objectives, definitions, and punishment policy of the POCSO Act.........

[1]. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, No. 32 of 2012, India.
[2]. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, India.
[3]. Constitution of India (1950).
[4]. Supreme Court of India. (Various years). Judgments on child rights and sexual offences. Supreme Court of India.
[5]. United Nations. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations General Assembly.

Voice controlled AI robots represent an important advancement in human–machine interaction by enabling intuitive, hands-free control of robotic systems. This review presents an in-depth analysis of existing voice controlled robotic architectures, focusing on speech recognition techniques, embedded control platforms, wireless communication technologies, motor control strategies, and multimedia integration. The study evaluates Bluetooth- and Wi-Fi-based systems implemented using Arduino and ESP32 platforms, highlighting their performance, scalability, and limitations. Furthermore, the paper identifies key research gaps related to autonomy, robustness, and intelligence, and outlines future research directions aimed at improving real-time decision-making, on-device intelligence, and IoT integration.

[1]. International Conference on Advances Automotive Technologies 2016, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, AAT2016.
[2]. Lens. Thomas., Kunz. Jurgen, and Stryk. Oskar Von., Bio Rob- Arm: A Quickly Deployable and Intrinsically Safe, Light-Weight Robot Arm for Service Robotics Applications.
[3]. A SMART VOICE CONTROLLED PICK AND PLACE ROBOT International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
[4]. Kannan, K. & Selvakumar, J. (2015). Arduino Based Voice Controlled Robot, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
[5]. Muhammed, J. N., Neetha, J, Muhammed, F., Midhun, M., Mithun, S. & Safwan, C. N. (2015). Wireless Control Robotic Arm Using an Android Application, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.

Biomass briquettes represent a renewable energy source with considerable potential to substitute fossil fuels. In this study investigates the influence of coal dust incorporation on the calorific value of biomass briquettes formulated from corn stalks and sawdust. Experimental briquette samples were prepared with coal dust proportions of 0%, 10%, and 20%, and their calorific values were determined using a Bomb Calorimeter. The findings indicate that the addition of coal dust enhances the calorific value of the briquettes, with the maximum value of 4,190 kcal/kg obtained at a composition..........

[1]. Ahmad, S., Kurniawan, D., & Setiawan, A. (2019). Komposisikimia dan potensienergibriketbatangjagung. Jurnal Energi Biomassa, 4(2), 22–30
[2]. Arif, I. (2014). Batubara Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
[3]. Balai Besar Teknologi Energi(2012).BukuPerencanaanEfisiensi dan Elastisitas, Energi Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2012.
[4]. Donald, J. (2004). Biomasa dan pemanfaatannyasebagaienergiterbarukan. JurnalTeknologi Energi, 5(1), 12–20.
[5]. Fitriana, D., Rahmawati, L., & Wahyuni, E. (2018). Proses pembuatanbriketbiomassa: Tinjauan dan tantangan. JurnalTeknologi Pangan dan Energi, 3(2), 45–50.

Emergency Response Systems (ERS), represented by the emergency service provided by phone numbers including 911 in the United States of America, Canada, and Mexico, 112 in the European Union and India, 110, 120 and 119 in China, 110, 119 and 118 in Japan, 190, 192 and 193 in Brazil, and 999 in Russia, provide emergency support to events including public security, medical, and fire. ERS are fundamentally necessary to assist society in its public safety, medical, fire, among others, to respond to urgent events. The main performance parameter of ERS is response time, which is measured from the time the phone is answered, or starts ringing, to the time the assisting unit arrives to the location of the event..........

[1]. Brooks, J.P., Edwards, D.J., Sorrel, T.P., Srinivasan, S. and Diehl, R.L. 2011. Simulating Calls for Service for an Urban Police Department. Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference, Phoenix, AZ, USA, December 11, 2011.
[2]. Cantwell, K.,Morgans, A., Smith, K., Livingston, M., Spelman, T., and Dietze, P. 2015. Time of Day and Day of Week Trends in EMS Demand. Prehospital Emergency Care, January-March, 1-7.
[3]. Central Park, New York City 2025. www.centralparknyc.org
[4]. Choudhury, A. and Urena, E. 2020. Addressing Overcrowding and Emergency Department Management: A Time Series Analysis. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 26(1),34–43. https://doi. org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0067
[5]. Conley, Q. and Grabau, M. 2013. Simulating Modified Hybrid Approach to Resource Assignment in a Shared Billing and Claims Call Center. Proceedings of the 2013 Winter Simulation Conference, Washington, D.C., USA, December 8, 2013

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) is a titanium-bearing mineral essential for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), widely used in pigments, aerospace, medical devices, and welding electrodes. With increasing global demand for titanium products, optimizing ilmenite ore concentration is crucial to enhance its economic value. Nigeria has substantial yet underexplored ilmenite deposits, particularly in Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Plateau States, with the Makarfi region in Kaduna State believed to host large deposits that remain largely uninvestigated. This study focused on optimizing the concentration of Makarfi-Kaduna ilmenite ore using shaking table separation, a gravity-based method exploiting differences in specific.........

[1]. Abdel-Khalek, M., Elmenshawy, A., & Elsayad, M. (2020). Optimization of ilmenite ore concentration using shaking table. Journal of Mineral Processing, 54(3), 183-195.
[2]. Elmenshawy, A., Hassan, M., & Mutelet, D. (2020). Investigation of process parameters in ilmenite ore concentration using shaking tables. Minerals Engineering, 150, 132-141.
[3]. Hassan, M., Elsayad, M., & Chen, L. (2020). Influence of particle size on shaking table concentration of ilmenite ore. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 37(4), 255-263.
[4]. Mutelet, D., Singh, A., & Rao, P. (2020). Shaking table separation: Effect of particle size and feed rate on ilmenite recovery. Minerals Processing & Extractive Metallurgy Review, 41(2), 98-110.
[5]. Singh, A., & Rao, P. (2018). Challenges in separation of ilmenite from silicate gangue minerals. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 39(2), 118-125.

The dynamic nature of the electric power system results in constant change in balance position of the system due to the difference between electric power demand and supply. This constitutes a power system frequency stability problem. Thus, a control process called load frequency control (LFC) is required in order to damp the fluctuations that results and various controllers ranging from ANN, PID and Fuzzy Logic have been applied. In this study, an intelligent FOPID controller is designed for ensuring the Load Frequency control of a hydro power plant. Zebra Optimization..........

[1]. Ali, E. S., & Abd-Elazim, S. M. (2013). BFOA based design of PID controller for two area Load Frequency Control with nonlinearities. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 51, 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.02.030
[2]. Alimi, O. A., Ouahada, K., & Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2020). A Review of Machine Learning Approaches to Power System Security and Stability. In IEEE Access (Vol. 8, pp. 113512–113531). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3003568
[3]. DokhtShakibjoo, A., Moradzadeh, M., Zeinolabedin Moussavi, S., &Vandevelde, L. (n.d.). A Novel Technique for Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power Systems. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13
[4]. EMAD A. MOHAMED, & EMAD M. AHMED. (2024). A systematic review of metaheuristic algorithms in electric power systems optimization. Applied Soft Computing, 150.
[5]. Hatziargyriou, N., Milanovic, J., Rahmann, C., Ajjarapu, V., Canizares, C., Erlich, I., Hill, D., Hiskens, I., Kamwa, I., Pal, B., Pourbeik, P., Sanchez-Gasca, J., Stankovic, A., Van Cutsem, T., Vittal, V., &Vournas, C. (2021). Definition and Classification of Power System Stability - Revisited & Extended. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 36(4), 3271–3281. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3041774

This paper presents the results of a three-year practice-based research study on compact housing, conducted through the design, construction, occupation, and iterative evaluation of the MiniVilla housing concept in the Netherlands. The research investigates spatial configuration, material use, and functional zoning under conditions of land scarcity, changing household patterns, and contemporary technical standards. Particular attention is given to kitchens, washing facilities, and sleeping arrangements, which were identified as critical domains requiring flexible spatial solutions due to evolving technologies and lifestyles..........

.........

This study aimed to agricultural productivity in the area reclaimed tidal marsh. The location of research is reclaimed tidal delta region Telang I Primary 8 representing land typology A/B and the survey was conducted at 13 South Secondary scheme following tertiary in Telang I.To assess of the agricultural productivity, has surveyed farmers who are farming in the scheme of P8-13S Telang Karya Makmur District of Banyuasin. Each farmer respondents interviewed in person using a questionnaire. Based on the analysis of the survey data, successively presented the results of a study on the use of farm production factors, productivity, and the factors that influence the stability of the channel including the effect on productivity..........

[1] Euroconsult., PT. BIEC International, PT. Trans Intra Asia, October. Telang and Saleh Agricultural Development Project, Drainage Development Component, O&M Manual. The Republic of Indonesia, Ministry of Public Works, 1996, Directorate General of Water Resources Development.
[2] Algina, J., & Olejnik, S. Sample size tables for correlation analysis with applications in partial correlation and multiple regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2003, 38(3), 309-323
[3] Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (3rd ed.). 2003, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[4] Yazid, M, Valuation of water services fee for tidal lowland agriculture in South Sumatra, 2010, Thesis of Philosophy Doctor Universiti Putra Malaysia
[5] Gujarati N. D, Basic Econometrics, 2003, fourth edition McGraw-Hill, New York

Slope instability along mountainous transportation corridors presents a recurring geotechnical hazard in tropical, highly weathered terrains. This study assesses the stability of rock slopes along the Aburi Mountain road cut in the Eastern Region of Ghana using integrated engineering-geological mapping, rock mass classification, and kinematic analysis. Detailed field investigations were conducted across four slope windows, and rock mass conditions were evaluated using the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Mining Rock Mass Rating (MRMR) systems. Stereographic kinematic analyses were applied to evaluate the likelihood of planar, wedge, and toppling failures..........

[1]. Ahmed, S. M., Blay, P. K., Castor, S. B., & Coakley, G. J. (1977). Geology of Field Sheets 33, 59, 61 and 62. Winneba NW, Accra, SW, NW, and NE, respectively. Geological Survey.
[2]. Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989). Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering. John Wiley & Sons.
[3]. Dearman, W. R., Baynes, F. J., & Irfan, T. Y. (1978). Engineering grading of weathered granite. Engineering Geology, 12, 345-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(78)90018-2
[4]. Dickson, K. B., & Benneh, G. (1988). A new geography of Ghana. (No Title).
[5]. Goodman, R. E. (1991). Introduction to rock mechanics. John Wiley & Sons.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have become critical components of intelligent transportation systems, particularly with the advent of 5G technology. However, security challenges, especially authentication vulnerabilities and Rogue Base Station (RBS) attacks, pose significant threats to these networks. This study presents a novel Machine Learning (ML)-based authentication protocol for secured 5G-enabled vehicular communications. The proposed model integrates advanced ML techniques to detect and prevent RBS attacks while ensuring ultra-reliable lowlatency communication..........

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks; 5G Authentication; Machine Learning; Rogue Base Station Detection; URLLC; Network Security; V2X Communication.

This study presents a comprehensive load estimation and renewable energy resource assessment to evaluate the feasibility of deploying a solar–wind hybrid power system for electrification of Koluama 1 and Koluama 2 communities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A bottom-up approach was adopted to estimate electricity demand by aggregating residential, educational, healthcare, and commercial loads. Solar and wind resources were assessed using Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) modelling and Weibull probability distribution analysis, respectively. Results indicate an average daily energy demand..........

[1]. Olaniyan, O. (2024). Rural electrification in Nigeria: A review of impacts and effects. Energy Reports (Elsevier), Article 2413.
[2]. Emezirinwune, M. U., Adejumobi, I. A., & Adebisi, O. (2024). Synergizing hybrid renewable energy systems and sustainable agriculture for rural development in Nigeria. e-Prime – Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 7(1), 100492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100492
[3]. Zhang, A. S., & Alayande, A. O. (2025). A Homer Pro-Based approach for designing and optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification. AZoJETE, 22(10), 1010.
[4]. Ukoima, K. N., Owolabi, A. B., Yakub, A. O., Same, N. N., Suh, D., & Huh, J.-S. (2023). Analysis of a solar hybrid electricity generation system for a rural community in River State, Nigeria. Energies, 16(8), 3431.
[5]. Oladeji, A. S., & Sule, B. F. (2024). Electrical load survey and forecast for a decentralized hybrid power system at Elebu, Kwara State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 43(2), 980–998. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.343.980

The speeds of sound, (u) density (ρ) and viscosities, (η) of the binary mixtures of 1,4-dioxane with benzene, ethyl benzene , toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene, over the entire composition, including those of pure liquids, were measured at temperature 298.15K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, the excess speed of sound, uE, and excess viscosity, (ηE) have been calculated. The results indicated the presence of weak interactions between 1,4-dioxane and aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, which follows the order:..........

[1]. G.P. Dubey, S. Rani, P. Kaur, J. Mol. Liq. 222 (2016) 415–424.
[2]. N. Ouerfelli, J. Barhoumi, O. Iulian, J. Solution Chem. 41 (2012) 458–474.
[3]. T. Takigawa, K. Tamura, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 32 (2000) 1045–1055.
[4]. C.M. Romero, C. Guzman, I. Gascon, P. Cea, M.C. Lopez, Int. J. Thermophys. 27 (2006) 760–776.
[5]. S.L. Oswal, R.P. Phalak, J. Solution Chem. 22 (1993) 43–58.

In the last decades, various computational intelligence techniques have been used to help effective medical decision. In this paper, morphological neural networks are applied to intelligent diagnosis of heart disease. In the case of morphological neural networks, the advantages are mainly correspond to high speed/parallel processing, analyzing information in terms of ordered structure, and treating only discrete information with no quantization error. To optimize the connection weights of morphological neural networks, the memetic algorithm is considered rather than the gradient-based learning methods because of its poor convergence properties. We use heart disease data set available on the Machine Learning Repository site at the University of California at Irvine.

[1]. Das, R., Turkoglu, I., Sengur, A.: Effective Diagnosis of Heart Disease through Neural Networks Ensembles. Expert Systems with Application, Vol. 36, No. 4 (2009) 7675-7680
[2]. Nahar, J., Imam, T., Tickle, K.S., Chen, Y.: Association Rule Mining to Detect Factors which Contribute to Heart Disease in Male and Female. Expert Systems with Application, Vol. 40, No. 4 (2013) 1086-1093
[3]. Paul, A.K., Shill, P.C., Rabin, M.R.I., Akhand, M.A.H.: Genetic Algorithm Based Fuzzy Decision Support System for the Diagno-sis of Heart Disease. 2016 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (2016) 145-150
[4]. Han, C.W.: Range Facial Recognition with the Aid of Eigenface and Morphological Neural Networks. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5326 (2008) 217-224
[5]. Davidson, J. L., Ritter, G. X.: A Theory of Morphological Neural Networks. SPIE, Vol. 1215 (1990) 378-388

Face recognition technology has emerged as a crucial biometric tool, capable of identifying or verifying individuals by analyzing distinct facial characteristics. It plays a vital role in a variety of sectors such as security, surveillance, law enforcement, banking, mobile device authentication, and attendance monitoring. A standard face recognition workflow typically includes three core phases: face detection, feature extraction, and identity matching. Detection techniques range from traditional methods like Haar cascades and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) to modern deep learning-based solutions. Following detection, the system extracts and encodes significant facial landmarks into feature vectors..........

[1] Kirby, M., & Sirovich, L. (1987). Application of the Karhunen–Loève procedure for the characterization of human faces. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 12(1), 103–108.
[2] Turk M., Pentland A., "Face Recognition Using Eigenfaces", Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Maui, Hawaii, USA, 3 June 1991.
[3] Belhumeur P. N., Hespanha J. P., Kriegman D. J., "Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE, USA, July 1997.
[4] Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., & Pietikäinen, M. (2006). Face description with local binary patterns: Application to face recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 28(12), 2037–2041.
[5] Taigman Y., Yang M., Ranzato M., Wolf L., "DeepFace: Closing the Gap to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification", IEEE CVPR, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 24 June 2014.

Public sanitation facilities form a critical component of modern urban environments, yet maintaining consistent hygiene and efficient resource usage remains a persistent challenge. Many public restrooms experience issues such as poor air quality, unpleasant odors, excessive water usage, and unnecessary energy consumption due to reliance on manual flushing systems, continuous lighting, and predefined cleaning schedules. These conventional practices often result in delayed maintenance responses and avoidable wastage of resources. Recent progress in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and embedded systems has enabled the development of intelligent restroom solutions capable of continuous monitoring, automation, and adaptive control. This review paper examines existing..........

[1]. N. P. Mahalsekar, S. R. Patil, and A. R. Deshmukh, "An IoT-Based Hygiene Monitoring System in the Restroom," International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1–5, 2022.
[2]. F. I. Azman, N. L. Salleh, and M. A. Zakaria, "IoT-Based Smart Hygiene Monitoring System," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 118345–118356, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.
[3]. S. Fowjiya, R. Karthik, and P. Suresh, "AI-Powered Smart Restroom System for Predictive Maintenance," International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 210–215, 2025.
[4]. A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash, "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347– 2376, 2015.
[5]. C. Z. Zulkifli, N. A. Rahman, and M. F. Zainal, "IoT-Based Water Monitoring Systems: A Review," Water, vol. 14, no. 22,
pp. 3621–3638, 2022.

The study investigated the environmental and health implications of coal mining in the Okobo community of Ankpa LGA. Coal is one of the major sources of global energy supply, contributing over 27% of the world's electricity supply. Coal mining results in environmental consequences such as greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, air and water pollution, which call for global concern about its sustainability as a source of energy supply. Its negative consequences on climate change and water pollution remain a critical issue, with acid mine drainage releasing toxic substances into water bodies, threatening aquatic life and human health..........

[1]. Abu, H. O. and Ifatimehin, O. O. (2016). Environmental Impacts of Iron Ore Mining on the Quality of Surface Water and its health implications on the Inhabitant sof Itakpe. Available International Journal of Current Multidisciplinary Studies. http://www.journalijcms.comVol. 2, Issue 6, pp.318-321,
[2]. Adaikpoh, E.O., Nwajei, G E., Ogala, J. E. (2005). "Heavy Metals Concentrations in Coal and Coal Sediments from River Ekulu in Enugu, Nigeria," Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, Vol.9 (2) 5-8
[3]. Aigbedion, I., & Iyayi, S. E. (2007). Environmental effects of mineral exploitation in Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(2), 33-38.
[4]. Bamisebi, O. O., Akinwumi, I. O., & Olagunju, T. E. (2020). Environmental and health impact of mining on host communities: A case study of selected communities in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health, 4(1), 1-16.
[5]. Chigumira, E., & Moyo, T. (2023). Environmental impacts of coal mining in Hwange, Zimbabwe. African Environmental Studies Journal, 55(1), 12-28.

One of the major hubs for foundries in India is Kolhapur, a district in Maharashtra. Kolhapur, which has long been renowned for its agricultural economy and rich cultural legacy, has recently established a solid industrial base, with the foundry sector serving as a key component. With parallels to other significant foundry regions in India, this article examines the historical development, present industrial environment, competitive advantages, difficulties, and prospects of Kolhapur's foundry industry..........

[1] Dulluri, S. and Raghavan, N.R.S. (2009) 'Stochastic operational planning model for production and distribution in a hi-tech manufacturing network', Int. J. Operational Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.163–189.
[2] Desai, D. (2006) 'Improving customer delivery commitments the Six Sigma way: case study of an Indian small-scale industry', International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp.23–47.
[3] Dasgupta, T. (2003) 'Using the Six-Sigma metric to measure and improve the performance of a supply chain', Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.355–66.
[4] Gadallah, M.H. (2009) 'Modelling and synthesis using response surface methodology: a comparative study', Int. J. Experimental Design and Process Optimisation, Vol. 1, Nos. 2/3, pp.202–239.
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Blood group information is a critical requirement during medical emergencies such as accidents, trauma care, surgeries, and blood transfusions. Conventional blood group determination relies on serological testing methods that require blood samples, laboratory infrastructure, chemical reagents, and trained personnel. Although accurate, these methods are time-consuming and may not be immediately available during emergencies. Several studies have explored fingerprint-based blood group prediction using statistical analysis, image processing, and machine learning techniques...........

[1]. S. Manikandan, L. Devishamani, S. Vijayakumar, G. S. Palaanisamy, P. Ponnusamy, Sai Lakshmi Lalpettai Jayakar, "Dermatoglyphics and Their Relationship with Blood Group," International Journal of Scientific Research in Medical Sciences, 2019.
[2]. T. Nihar, K. Yeshwanth, and K. Prabhakar, "Blood Group Determination Using Fingerprint," International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2024.
[3]. J. Devi, P. Nath, S. Sarma, T. Medhi, S. Kakoty, "Study of Fingerprint Patterns in Relation to Different Blood Groups," International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Technology, 2024.
[4]. M. Varlekar, B. Varlekar, K. Patel, "A Study of Relationship between Blood Type and Fingerprint Designs," International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2024.
[5]. R. Sultan, Q. Ain, S. Mehveen, "Blood Group Detection Using Fingerprints and Image Processing," Journal of Next-Generation Research in Information and Digitalization (JNRID), 2025.

With the rapid growth of web applications, security threats suchtt as SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting, and logic-based attacks have become increasingly common. Traditional security mechanisms, including network firewalls and Web Applications Firewalls (WAFs), primarily operate outside the application and rely on static rule-based detection. These approaches lack runtime visibility and fail to protect applications from zero-day and logic-level attacks. Runtime....

[1]. M. Coates and J. Williams, "Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP): A New Paradigm," OWASP Foundation, 2014. [2]. J. Williams and J. Manico, "RASP: Protecting Applications at Runtime," IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 80–83, 2015. [3]. N. Antunes and M. Vieira, "Defending Against Web Application Vulnerabilities," IEEE Computer, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 66–72, 2012. [4]. G. McGraw, Software Security: Building Security In, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2006. [5]. D. Balzarotti, M. Cova, and G. Vigna, "ClearShot: Eavesdropping on Keyboard Input from Video," IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2008

The increasing reliance on lithium-ion batteriesin Electric Vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems demands accurate, real-time estimation of State of Charge (SOC) andState of Health (SOH). Conventional digital estimation methods such as Kalman Filters and machine-learning models provide high accuracy but require complex computation, expensive microcontrollers, and high power consumption. This project presents a hardware-efficient, analog-centric estimation system that performs both SOC and SOH analysis using low-power operational amplifier.......

[1]. R.Gallo,T.Monopoli, M.Zampolli,R.J.P.Jaboeuf, P.Tosco,E. Patti,and A. Aliberti, "ANovel Procedure for Real-Time SOH Estimation ofEV Battery Packs Based on Time Series Extrinsic Regression," IEEEAccess, vol. 13, 2025. [2]. F.Guo, K.Xu,Z.Zhang, H. Zhou,G.Chen,J.Hu,J.Zhang,andH. Mo,"BatterySOHPrediction UnderDifferentConditionsvia MBLSTMandiTransformer with Anomaly Detection and Explainability," IEEE OpenJournal of the Computer Society, 2025. [3]. T. Long, P. Zhang, X. Liu, H. Shang, M. Yue, X. Shen, and J. Meng,"Improved SOH Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Multi-DimensionalFeatureAnalysisandTransformerFramework,"IEEEOpenJournal of Vehicular Technology, 2025. [4]. H.Shu, W. Li,G.Wang, Y. Han,J.Li,andY.Tang, "OnlineCollabora-tive EstimationTechnology for SOC and SOH ofFrequencyRegulationof a Lead-Carbon Battery in a Power System with a High Proportion ofRenewable Energy," Protection and Controlof Modern PowerSystems,vol. 9, no. 1, 2024. [5]. J.Tan,S.Li,Y.Cui,Z.Lin,Y.Song,Y.Kang,andH.Dong,"ChargingLoad Prediction Method for Expressway Electric Vehicles ConsideringDynamic State-of-Charge and User Decision," iEnergy, 2024

Critical in the Nigerian Socio-economic structure are households, which supply labour to every other economic units and small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are considered as the backbone of Nigeria's economy and play a pivotal role in, employment generation, poverty reduction and economic development. This study investigates the economic impact of electricity tariff increases on households and SMEs in Nigeria, with a focus on the South-South region. Using descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses, the research examines consumer perceptions of electricity supply stability, affordability and billing practices, as well as the operational and financial effects of tariff adjustments on households and SMEs. The findings reveal that while households acknowledge......

[1] National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2024). Nigeria Residential Energy Demand-Side Survey Report 2024. https://nairametrics.com/2024/10/24/electricity-tariff-85-2-of-households-in-nigeria-are-still-on-estimated-billing-report/ [2] World Bank. (2020). Tracking SDG 7: The energy progress report 2020. https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ [3] Nkalo, U. K. and Agwu, E. O., (2019). "Review of the Impact of Electricity Supply on Economic Growth: A Nigerian Case Study", IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), 14(1), pp 28-34. DOI: 10.9790/1676-1401012834 [4] Pelz, S., Chinichian, N., Neyrand, C. and Blechinger, P., (2023), Electricity Supply Quality and Use among Rural and Peri-Urban Households and Small Firms in Nigeria. Sci Data 10, 273, pp 1-8.. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02185-0 [5] Janghorban, P., Sesan, T., Salihu, M.-K., Ohunakin, O., and Chinichian, N. (2024). Willingness to Pay for an Electricity Connection: A Choice Experiment among Rural Households and Enterprises in Nigeria. Retrieved on January 23, 2026 from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.15757 Doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2407.15757.

The manufacturing industry, particularly the bottling sector, faces significant challenges in maintaining precision and efficiency in bottle capping processes. Traditional pneumatic control systems, while reliable, often struggle with adaptability due to friction-induced positional errors, inconsistent air pressure, and mechanical wear. This study presents a novel deep learning-based pneumatic control system designed to enhance bottle capping accuracy in Nigerian......

[1]. Adeleye, B. N., & Eboagu, C. (2019). Evaluation of ICT development and economic growth in Africa. Netnomics: Economic Research and Electronic Networking, 20(1), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11066-019-09131-6 [2]. Ahn, K. K., & Anh, H. P. H. (2009). Inverse double NARX fuzzy modeling for system identification. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 15(1), 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2009.2020737 [3]. Armstrong-Hélouvry, B., Dupont, P., & De Wit, C. C. (1994). A survey of models, analysis tools and compensation methods for the control of machines with friction. Automatica, 30(7), 1083-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)90209-7 [4]. Aziz, S., & Bone, G. M. (2000). Automatic tuning of an accurate position controller for pneumatic actuators. In Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (Vol. 3, pp. 1782-1788). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2000.895214 [5]. Bochkovskiy, A., Wang, C. Y., & Liao, H. Y. M. (2020). YOLOv4: Optimal speed and accuracy of object detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.10934. https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10934.

Marine ecosystems, vital for global biodiversity and human well-being, are facing unprecedented threats due to unsustainable exploitation of marine species. Overfishing, illegal fishing, habitat destruction, and destructive fishing practices have led to the decline of marine populations and the degradation of marine habitats. Marine species exploitation is a pressing global issue with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems and human societies. Addressing.....

[1]. Paul, T., "A review on status, resources, exploitation and management measures of marine catfish fisheries of India," Springer, 2019, Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 45-60, DOI: 10.1007/BF01560999. [2]. Venkataraman, K., "Coastal and Marine Biodiversity of India," Springer, 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3, pp. 85-98, DOI: 10.1007/s10641-010-9750-6. [3]. Devaraj, M., "Marine capture fisheries of India: Challenges and opportunities," Springer, 1999, Volume 14, Issue 4, pp. 175-190, DOI: 10.1007/s10641-010-9750-6. [4]. Gopi, K.C., "Diversity of Marine Fish of India," Springer, 2015, Volume 12, Issue 1, pp. 22-34, DOI: 10.1007/s10641-010-9750-6. [5]. Dutta, S., "Population biology and exploitation status of four commercially important marine fishes of the northern Bay of Bengal, India," Springer, 2021, Volume 23, Issue 6, pp. 56-72, DOI: 10.1007/s10641-010-9750-6

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[1]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics – Research on mining robotics and autonomous systems. [2]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology – Studies on mining safety and automation. [3]. Siegwart, R., Nourbakhsh, I. R., Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots, MIT Press. [4]. Arduino and Embedded Systems technical documentation and application notes. [5]. "Wireless Control System for Spy Devices Based Dual Tone Multi Frequency Technology," TELKOMNIKA (2020).

This study aims to construct a spatial and structural crime typology by analyzing the crime characteristics of 81 provinces in Türkiye using multidimensional statistical techniques. The dataset was obtained from the Türkiye Statistical Institute(TURKSTAT) and includes 25 crime categories reflecting the number of convicts received into prison by province. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Spectral Clustering, and Hierarchical Clustering (Ward's method) were applied within an......

[1]. Bettencourt, L.M.A., Lobo, J., Helbing, D., Kühnert, C., West, G.B. 2007.Growth,innovation, scaling, andthepace of life in cities. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 104(17), 7301–7306. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610172104 [2]. Chung, F. R. K. 1997. SpectralGraphTheory. American Mathematical Society. [3]. Clarke, R. V. 1980. Situationalcrimeprevention: Theoryandpractice. British Journal of Criminology, 20(2), 136–147. [4]. Fisher, R. A. 1925. Statistical MethodsforResearchWorkers. Oliver &Boyd. [5]. Hotelling, H. 1933. Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components. Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(6), 417–441.

An interdisciplinary synthesis and review of the geospatial hydro-geoinformatics towards its streamlined methods will critically evaluate the current state of flood risk management (FRM) to three interconnected pillars, which are efficiency, sustainability, and resiliency. It is determined in this argument that, in the modern-day planning to control the global floods, it has been observed that approaches to flood governance have been changed to a fidelity-based and holistic geospatial paradigm, with digital elevation models (DEMs), specifically those derived by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, being considered sinews of the accuracy of hydrodynamic mechanism, as well.........

[1]. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2024). Policy statement 545 - Flood risk management. https://www.asce.org/advocacy/policy-statements/ps545---flood-risk-management [2]. BELFOR Property Restoration. (2024). How are floods measured: Key metrics & tools explained. https://www.belfor.com/us/en/resources/how-are-floods-measured/ [3]. Byaruhanga, N., Kibirige, D., Gokool, S., & Mkhonta, G. (2024). Evolution of Flood Prediction and Forecasting Models for Flood Early Warning Systems: A Scoping Review. Water, 16(13), 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131763 [4]. Cache, T., Gomez, M. S., Beucler, T., Blagojevic, J., Leitao, J. P., and Peleg, N.: Enhancing generalizability of data-driven urban flood models by incorporating contextual information, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5443–5458, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5443-2024, 2024. [5]. Chow, V. T. (1959). Open-channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill..

A single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) model was modelled in 𝑀𝐴𝑇𝐿𝐴𝐵 Simulink environment to study rotor angle stability. A three-phase balanced fault is then caused on the SMIB system to simulate a large disturbance. The SMIB generator rotor speed deviation response reaches a settling time of 3.1 seconds (out of 10 seconds simulation time). A Power System Stabilizer (PSS) damping controller is designed and optimized using the Transit Search Optimization algorithm (TS) to obtain optimised parameters KG, T1, T2, T3, T4 to enable the control of the generator rotor speed deviation.........

[1] R. Shah, N. Mithulananthan, R. C. Bansal, and V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, "A review of key power system stability challenges for large-scale PV integration," Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 41, pp. 1423–1436, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.027. [2] J. Rezaei, M. E. H. Golshan, and H. H. Alhelou, "Impacts of integration of very large-scale photovoltaic power plants on rotor angle and frequency stability of power system," IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2384–2401, 2022, doi: 10.1049/rpg2.12529. [3] O. P. Veloza and F. Santamaria, "Analysis of major blackouts from 2003 to 2015: Classification of incidents and review of main causes," Electr. J., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 42–49, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.tej.2016.08.006. [4] S. Maity and R. Ramya, "A Comprehensive Review of Damping of Low Frequency Oscillations in Power Systems Low frequency oscillations, Robust power system Stabilizer View project," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342393636 [5] A. Sabo, N. I. Abdul Wahab, M. L. Othman, M. Z. A. Mohd Jaffar, and H. Beiranvand, "Optimal design of power system stabilizer for multimachine power system using farmland fertility algorithm," Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1–33, 2020, doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12657.