This research aims to optimize the clean water distribution system at PDAM LematangEnimTanjungEnim Branch, which faces the main problem in the form of lack of efficiency in water distribution. With the population continuing to increase, the need for clean water in LawangKidul District is also increasingly urgent, reaching 10,722 house connections in 2023. This study uses a quantitative analysis approach and hydraulic simulation method with EPANET software to calculate water discharge needs, pipeline design, and evaluation of existing distribution systems.........

[1]. Arifuddin, Parung Herman, & Thaha Arsyad. (2018). Analisis Kapasitas dan Penambahan Jaringan Pipa Distribusi PDAM di Wilayah Pesisir Kecamatan Tallo Kota Makassar .
[2]. Ibrahim Mochammad, Masrevaniah Aniek, & Dermawan Very. (2012). Analisa Hidrolis Pada Komponen Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Dengan Waternet dan Watercad Versi 8 (Studi Kasus Kampung Digiouwa, Kampung Mawa dan Kampung Ikebo, Distrik Kamu, Kabupaten Dogiyai). Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya.
[3]. Juli Arinansah. (2020). Analisa Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Bersih di Desa Sumber Makmur Kecamatan Nibung Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara. Bina Darma Conference on Engineering Science , 234–239.
[4]. Kalensun. (2016). Perencanaansistem Jaringan distribusi air bersih di Kelurahan Pangolombian Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan. Jurnal Sipil Statik, 4(2).
[5]. Kusumastuti, A., & Khoiron, A. M. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Karanggawang Barat). Lembaga Pendidikan Sukarno Pressindo.

This study aims to analyze the tidal characteristics of the Borang River, Palembang City, and determine the safe elevation for the planned raw water intake. The main issues raised include the impact of tides on the planned location of the additional raw water intake, the elevation characteristics during the highest and lowest tide peaks, and the safety of the intake structure against important tidal elevations. The scope of the study includes tidal observations for 15 days with hourly measurements to obtain accurate data. The method used in this study is harmonic analysis with the Least Square method, which allows the calculation of the amplitude and phase of tidal components. The required data include primary data taken from field observations and secondary data from Perumda Tirta Musi..........

[1]. Defant, A. (1958). Ebb and Flow: The Tides of Earth, Air, and Water. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan.
[2]. Gross, M. G. (1990). Oceanography : A View of Earth. Prentice Hall. Inc. Englewood Cliff. New Jersey.
[3]. King, C. A. M. (1966). An Introduction to Oceanography. McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. New York. San Francisco.
[4]. Mac Milan, C. D. H. (1966). Tides Fenomena Pasut. American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York.
[5]. Musrifin. (2011). Analisis Pasang Surut Perairan Muara Sungai Mesjid Dumai. Dalam Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan (Vol. 16).

In the highly competitive market of modern logistics and e-commerce, warehouse efficiency is one of the primary factors of supply chain success. Order picking is often cited as the most labor-intensive and costly operation within a distribution center accounting for over 50% of total warehouse operating costs. This research focuses on the Joint Order Batching and Picker Routing Problem (JOBPRP), an NP-hard optimization problem that simultaneously groups customer orders into batches and determine optimal travel paths to minimize total distance..........

[1]. Boz, E., & Aras, N. (2022). The order batching problem: A state-of-the-art review. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 40(2), 402–420.
[2]. Brimberg, J., Salhi, S., Todosijević, R., & Urošević, D. (2023). Variable Neighborhood Search: The power of change and simplicity. Computers & Operations Research, 155, 106221.
[3]. Cheng, C. Y., Chen, Y. Y., Chen, T. L., & Yoo, J. J. W. (2015). Using a hybrid approach based on the particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization to solve a joint order batching and picker routing problem. International Journal of Production Economics, 170, 805-814.
[4]. Falkenauer, E. (1998). Genetic algorithms and grouping problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[5]. Hansen, P., Mladenović, N., Brimberg, J., & Pérez, J. A. M. (2019). Variable neighborhood search. In Handbook of Metaheuristics (pp. 57-97). Springer International Publishing.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has generated a massive volume of product reviews, which serve as valuable resources for analyzing consumer satisfaction and product feedback. Sentiment analysis techniques can efficiently extract emotional tendencies from such unstructured texts, providing critical insights for businesses to optimize products and formulate marketing strategies. This study aims to investigate the performance differences between Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and their enhanced variant—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)—in the task of sentiment classification of product reviews..........

[1]. Benzirar A, Hamidi M, Bouami F M. 2025. Building a speech emotion recognition system using RNN, GRU and LSTM. *International Journal of Speech Technology*, 28(3): 1-15. DOI:10.1007/S10772-025-10214-Z.
[2]. Yu X, Yang Y. 2025. Real-Time Chord Perception Using LSTM-Based RNN with Monitor Mechanism for Music Education and Analysis. *Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers*. DOI:10.1142/S0218126625504675.
[3]. Kumar S, Pandey S, Singh R, et al. 2025. Leveraging neural networks (RNN LSTM) in enhancing energy efficiency and network lifetime in WSNs. *International Journal of Information Technology*. DOI:10.1007/S41870-025-02675-X.
[4]. Samrraie A A L, Abdalla M A, Alrawashdeh B A K, et al. 2025. Deep Learning Models Based on CNN, RNN, and LSTM for Rainfall Forecasting: Jordan as a Case Study. *Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems*, 12(7). DOI:10.18280/MMEP.120724.
[5]. Zelios V, Mastorocostas P, Kandilogiannakis G, et al. 2025. Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting Using Deep Learning: A Case Study in Greece with RNN, LSTM, and GRU Networks. *Electronics*, 14(14): 2820. DOI:10.3390/ELECTRONICS14142820.

The exercise of physical therapy (PT) is not only for a simple form of rehabilitation. It's a complete retraining process, involving muscles, lower limb nerves, and the endocrine system. For athletes recovering from injury or surgery, it's not just about reducing pain and replacing knee implants; more importantly, it's about restoring athletic ability, strength, and even confidence and courage. The total knee replacement patients are a good model for observing exercise due to postoperative patients have been shown in the literature to have a great need for exercise of PT to improve their ability to move healthily and effective.........

[1]. Ahmadi, M., Teymoori, E., Fereidouni, A., Hosseini, S. A., Maleki, Z. et al. 2025. Impact of home-based exercise and clinic-based physiotherapy on mobility status of patients undergoing total knee replacement: A randomized clinical trial, J Bodyw Mov Ther, 45, 431-437.
[2]. Chen, W. Q., Qin, X. L., Yang, H. Z., Tan, Z., Liu, P. 2025. Impact of cloud-based follow-up exercise prescription on knee function and quality of life in homebound patients post-total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial, J Orthop Surg Res, 20:1, 809, doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06187-z.
[3]. Chimei. 2025. Physical therapy after partial or total knee replacement. https://www.chimei.org.tw/main/cmh/department/ 59012/info/ 5100/A5100210.html.
[4]. Choi, M. 2023. Comparison of physical function, proprioception, muscle strength, postural balance, and walking in older women with and without total knee arthroplasty, Medicine (Baltimore), 102:24, e33034. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033034.
[5]. Coetzee, M., Clifford, A. M., Bedada, D. T., Bergh, O., Louw, Q. A. 2025. Preoperative clinical phenotyping for individualized rehabilitation in end-stage knee osteoarthritis, J Funct Morphol Kinesiol, 10:3, 360. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10030360

The idea of quality in software industries has become a crucial factor in determining an organization's success in the quickly changing digital age. The aspects of software quality, quality management techniques, measurement strategies, and the difficulties businesses encounter while putting quality-centric procedures into place are all covered in this essay. Global quality standards and new developments that influence software development quality requirements are also covered. The objective is to offer a cogent synthesis of theoretical frameworks and useful insights for improving software services and product quality.

[1] D. M. B. Paiva, A. P. Freire, and R. P. de Mattos Fortes, "Accessibility and Software Engineering Processes: A Systematic Literature Review," J. Syst. Softw., vol. 171, p. 110819, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.110819.
[2] H. Femmer, D. Méndez Fernández, S. Wagner, and S. Eder, "Rapid quality assurance with requirements Smells," J. Syst. Softw., vol. 123, pp. 190–213, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.047.
[3] S. Khalid, U. Rasheed, M. Abbas, A Model Driven Framework for Standardizing Requirement Elicitation by Quantifying Software Quality factor In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC), Nov (2021), pp. 1-6, 10.1109/ICIC53490.2021.9693054
[4] H.F. Hofmann, F. Lehner, Requirements engineering as a success factor in software projects, IEEE Softw, 18 (4) (Jul. 2001), pp. 58-66, 10.1109/MS.2001.936219
[5] Association for Computing Machinery-Digital Library, "Requirement Elicitation Framework for Child Learning Application - A Research Plan," in ICSIM 2019: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Management, Association for Computing Machinery, 2019, pp. 129–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3305160.3305195.

The protection of children from sexual exploitation represents one of the most critical obligations of a modern criminal justice system. India has witnessed a significant evolution in its penal framework with the replacement of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Alongside this general criminal law framework operates the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, a special statute enacted to address sexual crimes against minors through child-friendly procedures and stringent punishments. This research paper examines the extent to which the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita harmonizes with the objectives, definitions, and punishment policy of the POCSO Act.........

[1]. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, No. 32 of 2012, India.
[2]. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, India.
[3]. Constitution of India (1950).
[4]. Supreme Court of India. (Various years). Judgments on child rights and sexual offences. Supreme Court of India.
[5]. United Nations. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations General Assembly.

Voice controlled AI robots represent an important advancement in human–machine interaction by enabling intuitive, hands-free control of robotic systems. This review presents an in-depth analysis of existing voice controlled robotic architectures, focusing on speech recognition techniques, embedded control platforms, wireless communication technologies, motor control strategies, and multimedia integration. The study evaluates Bluetooth- and Wi-Fi-based systems implemented using Arduino and ESP32 platforms, highlighting their performance, scalability, and limitations. Furthermore, the paper identifies key research gaps related to autonomy, robustness, and intelligence, and outlines future research directions aimed at improving real-time decision-making, on-device intelligence, and IoT integration.

[1]. International Conference on Advances Automotive Technologies 2016, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, AAT2016.
[2]. Lens. Thomas., Kunz. Jurgen, and Stryk. Oskar Von., Bio Rob- Arm: A Quickly Deployable and Intrinsically Safe, Light-Weight Robot Arm for Service Robotics Applications.
[3]. A SMART VOICE CONTROLLED PICK AND PLACE ROBOT International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
[4]. Kannan, K. & Selvakumar, J. (2015). Arduino Based Voice Controlled Robot, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
[5]. Muhammed, J. N., Neetha, J, Muhammed, F., Midhun, M., Mithun, S. & Safwan, C. N. (2015). Wireless Control Robotic Arm Using an Android Application, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.

Biomass briquettes represent a renewable energy source with considerable potential to substitute fossil fuels. In this study investigates the influence of coal dust incorporation on the calorific value of biomass briquettes formulated from corn stalks and sawdust. Experimental briquette samples were prepared with coal dust proportions of 0%, 10%, and 20%, and their calorific values were determined using a Bomb Calorimeter. The findings indicate that the addition of coal dust enhances the calorific value of the briquettes, with the maximum value of 4,190 kcal/kg obtained at a composition..........

[1]. Ahmad, S., Kurniawan, D., & Setiawan, A. (2019). Komposisikimia dan potensienergibriketbatangjagung. Jurnal Energi Biomassa, 4(2), 22–30
[2]. Arif, I. (2014). Batubara Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
[3]. Balai Besar Teknologi Energi(2012).BukuPerencanaanEfisiensi dan Elastisitas, Energi Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2012.
[4]. Donald, J. (2004). Biomasa dan pemanfaatannyasebagaienergiterbarukan. JurnalTeknologi Energi, 5(1), 12–20.
[5]. Fitriana, D., Rahmawati, L., & Wahyuni, E. (2018). Proses pembuatanbriketbiomassa: Tinjauan dan tantangan. JurnalTeknologi Pangan dan Energi, 3(2), 45–50.

Emergency Response Systems (ERS), represented by the emergency service provided by phone numbers including 911 in the United States of America, Canada, and Mexico, 112 in the European Union and India, 110, 120 and 119 in China, 110, 119 and 118 in Japan, 190, 192 and 193 in Brazil, and 999 in Russia, provide emergency support to events including public security, medical, and fire. ERS are fundamentally necessary to assist society in its public safety, medical, fire, among others, to respond to urgent events. The main performance parameter of ERS is response time, which is measured from the time the phone is answered, or starts ringing, to the time the assisting unit arrives to the location of the event..........

[1]. Brooks, J.P., Edwards, D.J., Sorrel, T.P., Srinivasan, S. and Diehl, R.L. 2011. Simulating Calls for Service for an Urban Police Department. Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference, Phoenix, AZ, USA, December 11, 2011.
[2]. Cantwell, K.,Morgans, A., Smith, K., Livingston, M., Spelman, T., and Dietze, P. 2015. Time of Day and Day of Week Trends in EMS Demand. Prehospital Emergency Care, January-March, 1-7.
[3]. Central Park, New York City 2025. www.centralparknyc.org
[4]. Choudhury, A. and Urena, E. 2020. Addressing Overcrowding and Emergency Department Management: A Time Series Analysis. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 26(1),34–43. https://doi. org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0067
[5]. Conley, Q. and Grabau, M. 2013. Simulating Modified Hybrid Approach to Resource Assignment in a Shared Billing and Claims Call Center. Proceedings of the 2013 Winter Simulation Conference, Washington, D.C., USA, December 8, 2013