In this study the repellent properties of L. Martinicensis on beans weevils were investigated. The oil obtained was purified with the use of a micro column and then characterized using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) instrument. The characterization revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds with their peak area, retention time, and % area which possess strong insect repellent activities. The powder extract was used to formulate a stable insect repellent in the form of a tablet. The formulation was applied to beans that contained 80 weevils at normal room temperature. After 72 hours, 50 weevils were recorded dead inside the beans that contained the formulated tablet while 20 weevils were recorded dead inside the beans that contained the commercial products.Therefore, the efficiency of the formulated product was higher compared to that of the commercial product.The formulation has proven to be very valuable as pests' repellent, which will be a good substitute to synthetic repellents.

[1]. Agra, M.F., Freitas, P. F., and & Barbosa-Filho, J.M. (2007). Synopsis of plants known as medicinal andpoisonous in Northeast of Brazil. Journal of Pharmacognosy,17(1),114-140.
[2]. Bastiaans, L., Paolini, R., & Baumann, D. T. (2008). Focus on ecological weed management: what is hindering adoption? Weed Research. Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 27(1), 21-26.
[3]. Brown, R. (2017). Linopodiummartinicensis,Sjacquim enumeration system. International Journal of Agricultural Research,3(2),100-106.
[4]. Estifanos, E.(2003). Chemical studies of Leucas martinicesis. Bio-Resources Technology, 89, 389- 400.
[5]. Fowler, D. G. (2006). Traditional fever remedies: a list of Zambian plants. African Crop Science Journal, 15(2), 4 – 12.

This study aims at detecting the presence and level of aflatoxins in super starter feed and raw ingredients in poultry feed formulation with specifics on maize, groundnut cake and soya bean cake using ELISA method. A total of eight (8) samples: one sample of maize, one sample of soya bean cake, one sample of groundnut cake and one sample of poultry feed from FM 1 and FM 2 respectively now formed composite samples for analysis. The parameters were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) implemented in R car (version 3.0-2) package to test the effect of feed materials on nutritional profile of feed. Significant differences were separated using Tukey test (α = 0.05) for multiple comparisons through R lsmeans (version 2.30-0) and R multcomp (version 1.4-10) packages..........

[1]. Aboloma, R. I., Onifade, A. K. and Adetuyi, F. C. (2012). Effect of deterioration on the proximate composition of some fruits of the family Cucurbitaceae. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research. 2(1): 240-243.
[2]. Adaku, N. I. and Chinyerum, I. N. (2012). Biochemical changes induced by the effect of six pathogenic fungi on Dialium Guineense: Black velvet edible fruit. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 2(4): 20-24.

[3]. Akande, K. E., Abubakar, M. M. Adegbola, T. A. and Bogoro, S. E. (2006). Nutritional and health implications of mycotoxins in animal feeds: a review; Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 5(5): 398-403.
[4]. Ali, E., Saleemullah, F. Anjum, B. Khan, A. and Zubair, A. (2009). Aflatoxin contamination and mineral profile of almond seeds. Mycopathology. 7(1): 39-44
[5]. Andretta, I., Kipper, M., Lehnen, C. R., Hauschild, L., Vale, M. M. & Lovatto, P. A. (2011). Meta-analytical study of productive and nutritional interactions of mycotoxins in broilers. Poultry Science, 90, 1934-1940.

There was nothing in the beginning. Nothing covered nothing. Time is a continuity of moments. Science of time is science of yoga. Yoga is derived as a sum of numbers. Sum of numbers is the frequency of numbers. Frequency as the energy density of the moments defined as the energy-mass of the moments. In the cosmos, first was the moment of space-time. Space-time energy in the vacuum (cosmic vacuum) as insta-tants. Which stabilize into soliton, astable energy particle (self-vibrating). Two such vibrating particles form into twins of fermions and two fermions join together to become a boson (energetic photons). Similarly two bosons (energetic photons) become fermionic photons.

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In this article, the characterization of the Bayes risk of the shape parameter of Pareto type – I distribution using informative priors namely Exponential, Inverted Gamma distribution under different loss functions such as Squared Error Loss Function (SELF), Quadratic Loss Function (QLF) and Precautionary Loss Function (PLF) are studied by using data, as per the result, it is found that the Bayes risk is minimum under SELF the QLF and PLF using Exponential prior the Inverted gamma prior.

[1]. Al Omari Mohammed Ahmed; Noor Akma Ibrahim; Comparison of the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Weibull Distribution. Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 6 (2):100-104 (2010).

[2]. Gaurav Shukla,Umaesh Chandra; Vinod Kumar; Bayes Estimation of the Reliability function of Pareto Distribution under three different loss functions. Journal of Reliability and Statistical Studies, Vol,149-176 (2020). [3]. R.K.Radha; Bayesian Analysis of Exponential Distribution using informative prior (IJSR), ISSN (online): 2319-7064 (2015).

[4]. Sanku day; Sudhansu S.Maiti; Bayesian estimation of the parameter of Rayleigh distribution under the extended Jeffery's prior. J.App. Stat. Anul, Vol. 5.Issue1,44-59 (2012) DOI 10.1285/i20705948v5nlp44.

[5]. Arnold,B.C.,2015. PARETO DISTRIBTUON, Second Edition, Monograph on Statistics and Applied Probability, CRC Press, New York .

This research aimed at finding suitable methods four upgrading Wolframite from Rafin-Gabas, Nasarawa State for industrial applications. The process commenced by beneficiating it using two standard methods namely; Rapid Magnetic Separation (RMS) and Air Float Separation (AFS). The crude ore and the beneficiated samples were analysed to detect their chemical compositions using XRF analytical technique. Prior to detection, the crude ore were authenticated using Leica (DMRX) microscope, liberation size determination through sieve analysis. The sieve size analysis helped to establish the liberation size of the wolframite as +0.250mm. After beneficiation, RMS method upgraded the ore to meet industrial standard by 62%W from the crude ore which is 13%W, and AFS methods gave 50%W. From the results, RMS method was better than the AFS method, because it gave higher yield of the wolframite. This study provides a useful guide for upgrading of wolframite for further industrial usage.

[1]. Balsubramanian A, (2015), Overview of Mineral Processing Methods, Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science. Technical Report. Retrieved may 2022, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315117847
[2]. Barnes, J.W, & Lisle R.J.(2004), Basic Geological Mapping. (4th ed.). Geological Society of London Handbook Ltd, John Wiley & Sons, the Atrium,Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex Po19 SSQ England. ISSN 0-470-84986-X
[3]. Black, R. (1980) Precombiran of West African. Journal of Geology Episodes, 4, 3-8.
[4]. Burke, K.C., & Dewey J.F. (1972); Orogeny in Africa. (in press), Whiteman AJ (Eds), InternationalJournal of Geoscience. University of Ibadan press, Ibadan, 583 – 608.
[5]. Chen J.& Liu Z., Hu M., & Yu Xin. (2013). Research on Development Trends for Grinding Equipment and Grinding Automation in Home and Abroad. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials. 448-453. 3454-3456.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.448-453.3454. Retrieved April 2022 from https://doi.org/10.3390/min12050530 i

Castellated columns have been widely used in structures and steel buildings. Compared to traditional I-section structural members, castellated structural members can have large section depth and thus have great flexural capacity while they are bent about their major axis and large flexural buckling. The study aimed to investigate the strength and buckling behavior of axially loaded tapered castellated cruciform steel columns with the application of the finite element analysis. Although a significant of research body exists on the failure of different columns, there is not introduced a proper criterion to determine the point of buckling in the equilibrium path of an imperfect column........

[1]. Delphine Sonck, Jan Belis, "Strong‐axis flexural buckling of cellular and castellated members", Structural Stability Research Council Or lando, Florida, April15, 2016.
[2]. Delphine Sonck, Jan Belis, "Weak-axis flexural buckling of cellular and castellated columns", Journal of Constructional Steel Research 124 (2016).
[3]. Ebrahim Faraj pourbonab, Hossein Showkati, Sunil Kute, "Castellated cruciform steel columns", World Journal of Engineering 2018.
[4]. Ebrahim Farajpourbonab, "Castellated and common cruciform steel columns under axial and lateral cyclic loading", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 2018.
[5]. Jin‑song Lei,Boksun Kim, Long‑yuan Li, "Dynamic Instability Analysis of Axially Compressed Castellated", International Journal of Steel Structures 2020.