Online reviews are often the primary factor in a customer's decision to purchase a product or service, and are a valuable source of information that can be used to determine public opinion on these products or services. Opinions from social media are increasingly used by individuals and organizations for making purchase decisions and for marketing and product design. Because of their impact, manufacturers and retailers are highly concerned with customer feedback and reviews. Reliance on online reviews gives rise to the potential concern that wrongdoers may create false reviews to artificially promote or devalue products and services. This practice is known as Opinion (Review) Spam, where spammers manipulate and poison reviews (i.e., making fake, untruthful, or deceptive reviews) for profit or gain. Positive opinions often mean profits and fames for businesses and individuals, which, unfortunately, give strong incentives for people to game the system by posting fake opinions or reviews to promote or to damage the reputation of some target products, services, organizations, individuals, and even ideas without disclosing their true intentions, or the person or organization that they are secretly working for. Opinion spamming about social and political issues can even be frightening as they can warp opinions and mobilize masses into positions counter to legal or ethical mores. However, they must be detected in order to ensure that the social media continues to be a trusted source of public opinions, rather than being full of fake opinions, lies, and deceptions. Since not all online reviews are truthful and trustworthy, it is important to develop techniques for detecting review spam. In this paper, we survey the prominent machine learning techniques that have been proposed to solve the problem of review spam detection and the performance of different approaches for classification and detection of review spam. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a strong and comprehensive comparative study of current research on detecting review spam using various machine learning techniques

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The aim of this article is to provide a more efficient design of machine to convert waste plastic into mixed oil for domestic purpose. In this machine daily domestic waste like polyethene, polypropylene or normal plastic carrying bag are converted to oil. This machine employs a closed container (stainless steel), temperature controlling electric heater and layers of insulating materials, these materials make machine more efficient and safer for use. For effective pyrolysis process the temperature of stainless steel container (full of waste plastics) is raised by temperature controlling electric heater and for condensation process, water at room temperature is employed. There are three outputs obtained from this machine which are mixed oil, hydrocarbon gas and carbon black charcoal. These products can solve the problem of daily domestic requirement of fuel for local villagers. This machine is only suitable for normal carry bag of plastic and not for bottles like pet bottles or pvc pipe. The design of machine is efficient to manage daily domestic plastic waste and in return provides three types of fuel.

Domestic waste, Pyrolysis, Mixed oil, Insulating matrials, Cladding

In the present study, the effects of nano fluids used in the plate heat exchanger has been experimentally studied. In the first stage temperature of the nano fluids has been measured and compared with enhancement with base fluid (water) and in second stage heat transfer performance of plate heat exchanger has investigated using CuO and SiO2 (0.1 v/v and 0.2v/v) nano fluids. The experimental study has been conducted by change in different parameters such as the Flow Rate, inlet & outlet temperatures' and nano fluid concentrations. Heat transfer performance of plate heat exchanger has been compared with water. From the results it has been observed that performance of heat exchanger has been enhanced with increasing the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and Nusselt Number with different flow rate with different particles concentrations. In the results it has been shown that CuO nano fluids have best performance as compared to SiO2 and water.

Heat Exchanger, Nano fluids, PHE (Plate Heat Exchanger), Heat Transfer Coefficient, SiO2 Nanoparticals, CuO nano particles.

Energy is the lifeline of global economy and the diminishing fossil fuel reserves and increased concerns over environmental pollution accelerated the need to look for renewable and environmentally sustainable energy sources The production of ethanol utilizing lignocellulosic biomass feed stocks, generally, consists of four major unit operations: Pretreatment, Depolymerization or saccharification of holocellulose fraction, Fermentation of mixed free sugars to produce ethanol, Separation and purification. The difference in process steps between starch and lignocellulosic feed stocks is that lignocellulosic biomass requires a more complicated hydrolysis stage. The reason for this is that cellulose in the wood contains carbohydrate polymers called cellulose. Cellulose is made up of long chains of glucose and a more complex set of enzymes are required to break the long chains.Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex mixture of holocellulose (cellulose and hemi cellulose) carbohydrate polymers, lignin, and a smaller amount of other compounds generally known as extractives. This review sheds light on some of the practical approaches that can be adopted to make the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol economically attractive. These include the use of cheaper substrates, cost-effective pre-treatment techniques, overproducing and recombinant strains for maximized ethanol tolerance and yields, improved recovery processes, efficient bioprocess integration, economic exploitation of side products, and energy and waste minimization. Bioethanol produced from renewable biomass such as sugar, starch, or lignocellulosic materials, is expected to be one of the dominating renewable biofuels in the transport sector within the coming twenty years. Although the priority in global future in the ethanol production is put on lignocellulosic processing, this is considered as one of the most promising second- generation biofuel technologies.

Bioethanol, Biomass, Lignocellulosic ethanol, Fuel properties; Feedstock; Production; Bioconversion; Fermentation; Hydrolysis

This paper gives the idea of optimized hybrid energy system for a particular site in western India (Vataria, Ankleshwar). Optimization is done by comparison of various Systems using reliable alternative energy source consisting of solar, diesel and wind to create an autonomous energy source that is both dependable and consistent. The use of renewable sources reduces combustion of fossil fuels and the consequent CO2 emission which is the principle cause of global warming. The pattern of load consumption of educational institute are studied and suitably modified for optimization of the autonomous micro grid using hybrid sources. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the only conventional diesel generator. For this whole optimal design purpose we have used Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software is used for the analysis of sizing and sensitivity, performed in order to obtain the most feasible configuration of a hybrid renewable energy system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid system would be feasible solution for the site. Main objective of this paper is to develop optimal design of stand-alone hybrid energy system and to maximize use of renewable energy generation system while minimizing the total system cost.

Optimization, Sensitivity Analysis, Hybrid system, Renewable energy, HOMER

Indoor Illuminationnaturally attracts the attention of the persons working inside the building.The workplace whether it may be educational institute, industry or commercial complex plays vital role in efficiency of the persons working there.Illumination inside the building is the principal infrastructure.The paper covers the various aspects of Illumination Design. Standards applicable for required intensity of light for various purpose and its extracts are the primary topic. The paper deals with how to design the illumination level in a particular complex whether it may be indoor or outdoor may be for Industrial or commercial purpose. Selection of luminaries based on the end users specifications/requirements is the main function of illumination design. The paperalso covers the sample design of a Seminar Hall as a case study with all calculations. To make it innovative various types of luminaries, control gears with automatic features are considered The illumination design is done taking care of all the inputs like lumens output of particular luminary, dimensions of working area, working height, height of luminary, absorption/reflection capacity of the medium where light is to be thrown, maintenance factor, Related all topics are described in the project..

Indoor Illumination design,CG lux, Calculation of Illumination design, LED, Seminar Hall

This paper proposes an algorithm to solve multi-level multi-objective quadratic programming (MLMOQP) problem, involving trapezoidal fuzzy numbers in the right hand side of the constraint, the suggested algorithm uses the linear Ranking Methods to convert the mentioned problem to its equivalent crisp form then uses the interactive approach to obtain the satisfactory solution (preferred solution) in view of the satisfactoriness concept andε -constraint method with considerations of overall satisfactory balance among all of the three levels, an illustrative example is included.

Multi-Level Programming, Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers, linear Ranking Methods, Interactive Approach,ε -constraint method.

This work presents an internet based energy meter that displays readings over the internet for the continuous consumption of units and its costs .The working of the project is based on Internet of things.
Internet of things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network structure.

Internet of things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network structure.

Information security in distributed systems and the use of networks for carrying data between computers is a major factor that has affected security. In this paper, we discuss security and propose security metrics issues in the context of Adaptive Distributed Systems [ADS]. A key premise of ADS is to collect detailed information based on the changes in the environment and choose efficient mechanisms (algorithms and/or encryption techniques, and secured and cost effective communication channel) for exchanging the gathered information between the targets distributed systems and the central monitoring system. Security issues in distributed systems have been solved using techniques such as cryptographic algorithms i.e. using RSA algorithm

Bioethanol, Biomass, Lignocellulosic ethanol, Fuel properties; Feedstock; Production; Bioconversion; Fermentation; Hydrolysis

Underwater welding has made amazing progress in the recent years. In various countries such as Japan, USA and USSR etc. This process is being used as a production tool. This paper presents sate of the art of underwater welding to assist the development in this field. Various available techniques and method, selection of heat source, available electrodes, equipments and their requirements, applications and other problems associated with underwater welding have been discussed in this paper. It also discusses the advantages, avenue for future work which is needed to be carried out to put this technique to the next level of development.

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