Learning assistants is the main part of online learning community, and the key function of them is to offer emotional support and academic assistance. The paper aims to explore social functions and teaching effects of learning assistants in the process of online learning operation. On the basis of survey and practice, the paper points out that the organization of a higher-levelled learning assistants' community is the premise of organizing qualified online learning community, and the application of various resolutions and strategies to cope with emotional problems and academic difficulties is the prerequisite of undertaking smooth online learning activities. Those strategies cover encouragement strategy, participation strategy, cultural strategy, normalization strategy, cohesion strategy, feedback strategy, collaboration strategy, and conflict resolution strategy. Online learning assistants have to learn to adopt optimized strategy in accordance with proper contexts and specific problems in order to guarantee a cultural and well-organized online learning community.

[1] Jennifer Oarock. Tutoring for distance learning: instructor's manual. Beijing: CCRTVU Press, 2008.
[2] Rena M. Palloff & Keith Pratt. Building learning community in cyberspace: effective strategies of the online classroom. California, San Francisco: Jossey-Base Inc., 1999.
[3] S. D. Johnson al. Team development and group processes of virtual learning teams. Computer and Education, 2002 (39): 379-393.
[4] Wang Guangxin, Bai Chengjie. Formation and development of virtual online learning community. E-education Research, 2005 (1):67-71.
[5] Wei Li. Construction of Seamless English Language Learning Cyberspace via Interactive Text Messaging Tool. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2012 (8):1590-1596.

In this paper, the trajectories of free conducting particles of various sizes inside a three phase common enclosure Gas Insulated Busduct(GIB) are simulated by solving the nonlinear second order differential equation of particle motion iteratively by using RK 4th Order Method. Compressed Gas Insulated Substations(GIS) consists of a conductor supported by spacers inside of Sulphur hexafluoride gas(SF6) filled enclosure. The metallic particle contaminations in the form of loose particles adversely affect the insulation integrity and can cause failures of Gas Insulated Substations. The presence of contamination can therefore be a problem with Gas Insulated Substations operating at high electric fields. In order to determine the random movement of metallic particles, the calculation of movement in axial and radial directions was done at every time step. The simulation considers the electric field effect and various particle dimensions on the particle movement. The electric fields at the instantaneous particle locations are determined by using Charge Simulation Method(CSM). Typical results for aluminum and copper wire particle with different dimensions are described and the movements of metallic particle with charge simulation method of field calculation are compared with Analytical Method of field calculation. From the results it is observed that the particle maximum movements with analytical method of field calculation is more than charge simulation method of field calculation. Also noted that the maximum movements of metallic particles decrease with increase of particle length and radius. The results have been presented and analyzed in this paper.

[1] L. G. Christophorou, J. K. Olthoff, R. J. Van Brunt, "SF6 and the Electric Power Industry", IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, DEIS, 1997, pp.20-24
[2] J. Amarnath, B. P. Singh, C. Radhakrishna and S. Kamakshiah, "Determination of particle trajectory in a Gas Insulated Busduct predicted by Monte-Carlo technique", IEEE Conf. Electr. Insul. Dielectr. Phenomena (CEIDP), Texas, Austin, USA, 1991 Vol. 1, pp. 399-402,1991.
[3] M. M. Morcos, S. Zhang, K. D. Srivastava and S. M. Gubanski,"Dynamics of Metallic Particle Contaminants in GIS with Dielectric-Coated Electrodes", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery,Vol. 15, No. 2, Apr 2000, pp. 455-460.
[4] H.Anis and K.D.Srivastava "Free conducting particles in compressed gas insulation", IEEE Tranctions on electrical insulation, Vol. EI-16, pp.327-338, August 1995.
[5] J. Amaranath, S. Kamakshiah and K.D. Srivastava. 2001. "Influence of Power Frequency and Switching Impulse Voltage on particle Movement in Gas-predicted by Monte-Carlo Technique". IEEE, International High Voltage Workshop, California, USA.....

This paper presents an novel approach for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of sensor as well as process faults for Electro-Hydraulic Actuators (EHA) using a bank of residual generators, each of which employs an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based parameter estimator. In traditional sensor fault detection schemes, actual sensor measurements are compared with measurements reconstructed using state estimators following an analytical redundancy approach. In contrast, we propose detection of sensor faults by comparing estimated values of plant parameters, which deviate under fault, with their nominal values. Since process faults usually manifest themselves in deviation of process parameters, this leads to a unified approach to fault detection using parameter estimators. Fault isolation is then achieved by using the set of detection flags, obtained by thresholding each of the residuals, in a so-called diagnosis matrix (D-Matrix). Unlike several earlier works on FDI for electro-hydraulic actuator systems, which do not address sensor faults, the present approach is capable of detection and identification of both sensor and process faults. Numerical simulation results for an EHA of a rocket demonstrate the efficacy of the method.

[1] An. Li. N. Sepehri, Hydraulic actuator circuit fault detection using extended Kalman filter, Proceedings of American Control Conference-03.Vol.5, pp.4261–4266J.
[2] An. Li. N. Sepehri, Hydraulic Actuator Leakage Fault Detection Using Extended Kalman Filter, International Journal of Fluid Power, Vol. 6 Number 1 March 2005
[3] Y. Chinniah, R. Burton and S. Habibi Viscous damping coefficient and effective bulk-modulus estimation in a high performance hydrostatic system using extended Kalman filter, International Journal of Fluid Power Vol.4, pp. 27-34, 2003
[4] Y. Chinniah, Fault Detection in the Electro-hydraulic Actuator Using Extended Kalman Filter, Ph. D Thesis.
[5] H.E. Merrit, 1967, Hydraulic control systems, Wiley Inc.

This paper is about deploying Distributed Honeypot System that captures and analyze the attacks on different operating system on Eucalyptus Iaas cloud. The file based security is proposed and implemented on data to make data access secure on virtual machines and physical system in cloud. This makes the private cloud deployment secure enough due to three layers of security provided by virtualization, encryption mechanism and Honeypot supported physical node and prevents system exploitation.

[1]. http://www.projecthoneypot.org
[2]. www.honeynetindia.org
[3]. http://www.eucalyptus.com
[4]. http://www.eucalyptus.com/docs/3.2/ig/installing_euca2ools_standalone.html.

This paper presents BPSK Demodulation at Low Bit Rate. BPSK demodulation designed such that has 4 inputs: Bit rate, Carrier frequency, Sampling frequency and Input modulated Bit stream are user controllable. In future this design will help to compare results of BPSK Demodulation that was going to implement on STRATIX III FPGA Dsp Development Board.

[1] Nehal.A.Ranabhatt, Sudhir Agarwal, Priyesh.P.Gandhi, "RTL Design and Implementation of BPSK Modulation at Low Bit Rate", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol.2, Issue 28, Feb 2012.
[2] S.O. Popescu, A.S.Gontean and G.Budura "BPSK System on Spartan 3E FPGA" SAMI 2012 • 10th IEEE Jubilee International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics • January 26-28, 2012.
[3] A.Gürgör, F.Arikan, O.Arikan, "Simulation of a digital communication system", in Proceedings of the 13th European Signal ProcessingConferenceEUSIPCO,2005,Turkey,http://www.eurasip.org/Proceedings/Eusipco/Eusipco2005/defevent/papers/cr1142.pdf [4] H.Nguyen, E.Shwedyk, A first Course in Digital Communications, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009.
[5] J.G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4th edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 2001....

In this paper, I have invented the formulae of the height of the triangle. My findings are based on pythagoras theorem.

[1]. Geometry concepts & pythagoras theorem.

This paper presents a two-stage restoration technique incorporating weather effect considerations in reliability cost/worth evaluation of distribution systems. The weather conditions play a significant role on the reliability of a given power system leading to frequent incidence of failures to overhead system and their effectiveness. The physical stresses exerted by adverse weather increase the failure rates of transmission or distribution lines resulting in increased coincident failures of multiple circuits. Especially adverse weather can cause tremendous system damages and significantly strikes the reliability. Therefore, it is high time to address the issue by devising appropriate technique considering weather conditions. This paper briefly demonstrates the conventional two weather state models which are used for predictive reliability assessment incorporating normal and adverse weather conditions. The paper presents an approach to identify weather specific contributions to system reliability indices and illustrates the technique by utilizing a RBTS distribution system.

[1]. R. Billinton and R. N. Allan, "reliability evaluation of power systems" Second Edition, Plenum Press, New York, 1996
[2]. R. N. Allan, R. Billinton, I. Sarief, L. Goel and K. S. So, "A Reliability Test System for Educational Purposes – Basic Distribution System Data and Results," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 6, No. 2, May 1991
[3]. R. Billinton, C. Wu, and G. Singh, "Extreme Adverse Weather Modeling in Transmission and Distribution System Reliability Evaluation," Proceedings of Power Systems Computation Conference, Spain, June 2002.
[4]. R. Billinton, and J. Acharya, "Consideration of Multi-state Weather Models in Reliability Evaluation of Transmission and Distribution Systems," Proceedings of CCECE, pp. 601-604, May 2005.
[5]. Composite System Adequacy Evaluation," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1991, pp. 1154-1160....

The technical and economic sustainability of photovoltaic (PV) systems is heavily affected by the cost and performances of the adopted PV cells. Solar concentrators represent an effective alternative to reduce the solar cell surface and, at the same time, to increase the global conversion efficiency. Such systems include optic elements to concentrate the solar radiation to a small area where high-efficiency PV cells are located. Particularly, the adoption of multi-junction cells, e.g. Triple-Junction Photovoltaic (TJPV) cells, is encouraged to increase the power conversion performance. This paper presents full details about the design and operating features of a Fresnel lens solar concentrator for the micro-cogeneration of electrical power and thermal energy. The two axis controlled prototype integrates five different functional modules to guarantee the required features. Basically, the TJPV cells allow power production, while eight Water Heat Exchangers (WHEs) are installed for both the cell cooling and the recovery of thermal energy. The operative concentration factor is up to 800x through eight non-imaging Fresnel lenses integrated to the solar collector. Furthermore, a two axes solar tracker assures sun collimation during day-time. The prototype control, together with the monitoring of the environmental conditions and the energy conversion performances, is provided thanks to a semi-automatic real-time interface developed adopting LabView© Integrated Development Environment (IDE). A set of preliminary field-tests is assessed to study both the solar collimation accuracy and the prototype overall energy performances. The obtained evidences are presented and fully discussed in this paper.

[1]. M.A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, "Solar cell efficiency tables (version 36)", Progress in photovoltaics: research and applications, 18, 346-352, 2010.
[2]. W. Guter, J. Schone, S.P. Philipps, M. Steiner, G. Siefer, A. Wekkeli, E. Welser, E. Oliva, A.W. Bett, F. Dimroth, "Current-matched triple-junction solar cell reaching 41.1% conversion efficiency under concentrated sunlight", Applied Physics Letters, 94(22), 1-3.
[3]. J.W. Pan, J.Y. Huang, C.M. Wang, H.F. Houng, Y.P. Liang, "High concentration and homogenized Fresnel lens without secondary optics element", Optics communications, 284, 4283-4288, 2011.
[4]. S.R. Wenham, M.A. Green, M.E. Watt, R. Corkish, "Applied photovoltaics" , Earthscan, London, 2007.
[5]. G. Zubi, J. Bernal-Agustín, G.V. Fracastoro, "High concentration potovoltaic systems applying III-V cells", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 2645-2652, 2009......

Position control of shear for Digital DC Drive is achieved through digital encoders. The function of shear is cut head end and tail end .Digital encoder operating principle is to generate the pulses depending upon the position of the drive. Now a days all PLC's handles the digital signals for processing and controlling the pulses generated by digital encoder directly sensed by the PLC, counting in the counter modules and identifying the position of the drive. Depending upon the position of the drive the PLC generates reference to drive to attain the preset position. This makes position control system simpler.

[1] Steven T.Karris, 'Introduction to matlab with Engineering Applications', Orchard Publications. [2] Tan Kiong Howe, May 2003, Thesis, B.E (Hons), 'Evaluation of the transient response of an Induction motor using MATLAB/SIMULINK', University of Queensland. [3] E.H.Miller, 2000, Introduction to induction motor Drives. [4] Carnegie, D.etal, 2004, 'Encoders and its applications', University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Cloud computing offers information technology business use through the model, to build the type of application system we are using the cloud open source tools. The idea of tool is a process, developing the program and compile or run the package file automatically. Our goal is to implement open source tool analysis and development came into cloud computing system recognize to generate in human understandable way. This work shows the existing work on cloud open source is solution to implement industry applications, products. Few open source tools are configuration, monitoring, and automated techniques on the importance for this research.Comparative work of cloud sim, EC2 is shows that cloud sim is having best effort which is reliable.

[1]. M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. H. Katz, A. Konwinski, G. Lee, D. A. Patterson, A. Rabkin, I. Stoica, and M. Zaharia, "Above the clouds: A berkeley view of cloud computing," University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB-EECS-2009-28, Feb 2009.
[2]. Anton Beloglazov, and RajkumarBuyya, Optimal Online Deterministic Algorithms and Adaptive Heuristics for Energy and Performance Efficient Dynamic Consolidation of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, Volume 24, Issue 13, Pages: 1397-1420, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York, USA, 2012
[3]. Rodrigo Calheiros, Rajiv Ranjan and RajkumarBuyya, Virtual Machine Provisioning Based on Analytical Performance and QoS in Cloud Computing Environments, Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2011), Taipei, Taiwan, September 13-16, 2011.
[4]. Linlin Wu, Saurabh Kumar Garg and RajkumarBuyya, SLA-based Resource Allocation for a Software as a Service Provider in Cloud Computing Environments, Proceedings of the 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid 2011), Los Angeles, USA, May 23-26, 2011.
[5]. Adel NadjaranToosi, Rodrigo N. Calheiros, Ruppa K. Thulasiran, RajkumarBuyya, Resource Provisioning Policies to Increase IaaS Provider's Profit in a Federated Cloud Environment, Proceedings of the 13rd International Conference on High Performance and Communications (HPCC 2011), Banff, Canada, September 2-4, 2011.....

Advances in materials, cooling technology and design techniques have allowed MS7001 turbines to be operated with higher firing temperatures and airflows, which result in higher turbine output and efficiency. Improvements in combustion technology have also made significantly lower emission levels a reality. Advanced design technology is usually introduced for new unit production and subsequently applied to customer-operated gas turbines by a gas turbine uprate program. Many new uprate programs have been introduced for installed GE-designed heavy duty gas turbines, including the MS7001A, B, C, E, and EA models. Each uprate program provides increased output, improved heat rate and efficiency, improved reliability, reduced maintenance costs, longer inspection intervals, and longer expected parts lives. Additional benefits result because uprates are based on current production components parts that are not specifically unique to older machines and thus readily available. This Project deals with about 2nd Stage HP stator blade. 3D model of blade is done CATIA by taking point data, Meshed in Hyper mesh and Analysis done in ANSYS. Structural analysis is carried on Blade as per given load condition by varying material properties. Study of process making of Blade is studied.

[1]. Beltran, A.M., Pepe, J.J., Schilke, P.W., "Advanced Gas Turbines Materials and Coatings," GER-3569E, GE Energy, August 1994.
[2]. Brandt, D.E., and Wesorick, R.R., "GE Gas Turbine Design Philosophy," GER-3434D, GE Energy, August 1944.
[3]. Brooks, F.J., "GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics," GER- 3567E, GE Energy, August 1994.
[4]. Davis, L.B., "Dry Low NOx Combustion Systems for Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines," GER-3568E, GE Energy, August 1994.
[5]. Johnston, J.R., Robert, "Performance and Reliability Improvements for Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines," GER-3571E, GE Energy, August 1994.....

Milling machine is one of the important machining operations. In this operation the work piece is fed against a rotating cylindrical tool. The rotating tool consists of multiple cutting edges (multipoint cutting tool). Normally axis of rotation of feed given to the work piece. Milling operation is distinguished from other machining operations on the basis of orientation between the tool axis and the feed direction; however, in other operations like drilling, turning, etc. the tool is fed in the direction parallel to axis of rotation. The cutting tool used in milling operation is called milling cutter, which consists of multiple edges called teeth. The machine tool that performs the milling operations by producing required relative motion between work piece and tool is called milling machine. It provides the required relative motion under very controlled conditions. These conditions will be discussed later in this unit as milling speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Normally, the milling operation creates plane surfaces. Other geometries can also be created by milling machine. Milling operation is considered an interrupted cutting operation teeth of milling cutter enter and exit the work during each revolution. This interrupted cutting action subjects the teeth to a cycle of impact force and thermal shock on every rotation. The tool material and cutter geometry must be designed to bear the above stated conditions. In this project work the design aspects of plain milling cutter is analyzed. The objective considered is the design and meshing of plain milling cutter and to analyze various stress components acting on it. Various designing strategies are considered to design the effective plain milling cutter like diameter, thickness, face width etc. The design and analysis is carried out using software's like CATIA V5 and ANSYS. In this study the design and analysis is carried out for two different cutter materials and they are High Speed Steel and Tungsten Carbide. In this analysis the loads acting on the cutter and speed is varied and the results obtained are compared.

[1]. N and K. Jha and Kathryn Hornik, "Integrated computer-aided optimal design and FEA
[2]. of a plain milling cutter", Mechanical Engineering Department, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA
[3]. Mohan, L. V. Profile Corrections for relieving tool for form relieved milling cutters. Proceedings of the 12th All India Machine Tool Design and Research Conference 1986, Dec. l&12, pp. 2255228.
[4]. Davies, R. Bonding cemented carbide milling cutter inserts. Proceedings of Materials Selection & Design, London, July, 1985..
[5]. Granger, C. Never too old to pick up milling tips. Machinery Prod, Eng. 1991,149(3797), 1617, 19-20, 2.....

Natural language processing is process to handle the linguistic languages to understand the language in to more detailed format. It will providing us will the complete grammatical structure of the word of linguistic language into English. In the present system such as dictionary we only have the word with its meaning but it does provide us grammar. In our proposed system we are presenting the parsing tree which shows the complete grammatical structure .It will show all the tags chunks etc which help to understand the language in more detailed way.

[1]. "An improvised Morphological Analyzer for Tamil:A case of implementing the open source platformApertium". Parameswari K. Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis. Hyderabad:University of Hyderabad. 2009.
[2]. " Design and Implementation of a Morphology-based Spellchecker forMarathi, an Indian Language". Dixit, Veena, Satish Dethe, and Rushikesh K. Joshi. 2006.
[3]. "James Allen. Natural Language Understanding". Pearson Education, Singapur, second edition, 2004.
[4]. "Natural Language Processing: A Paninian Perspective". Bharati, Akshar, Vineet Chaitanya, and Rajeev Sanghal 1995.
[5]. " Natural Language Processing – A Paninian Perspective". R. S. Akshar Bharati and V. Chaitanya,1995....

The critical buckling load and the natural frequency of frame structures are usually determined to avoid failures due to instability and resonance. Classical analyses are intractable and many analysts resort to numerical method of analysis using the traditional 4x4 matrix stiffness systems, which also have great limitation. This work presents new 5x5 stiffness matrices for classical and effective stability and dynamic analyses of line continua. Energy variational principle was employed in developing the matrices, with five term Mclaurin's polynomial series as the shape function. A central deflection node was considered, making a total of five deformable nodes. The new 5x5 matrices were derived by minimizing the geometric work and kinetic energy of the line continuum of five term shape function. They were employed, as well as the traditional 4x4 matrices, in classical stability and free vibration analyses of four line continua and a portal frame. The results from the new 5x5 matrices were very close to exact results, with average percentage differences of 2.55% for stability and 0.14% for free vibration, whereas those from the traditional 4x4 matrices differed greatly from exact results, with average percentage differences of 23.73% for stability and 14.72% for free vibration. Thus, the newly developed stiffness matrices are suitable for stability and dynamic analyses of line continua and should be used by structural engineering analysts accordingly.

[1]. Bathe, K. J. (1996).Finite element procedures. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
[2]. Chopra, A. K. (1995). Dynamics of Structures: theory and applications to earthquake. New Jersey:
[3]. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
[4]. Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., and Plesha, M. E. (1989).Concepts and applications of finite element analysis, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc,
[5]. Huebner KH, Thornton EA, Byrom TG (1995) The finite element method for engineers. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc....

This paper presents that how can we improve the efficiency of transmission by improving the efficiency of Transmission and Distribution system. It has been a very big problem to the electricity departments of various states to improve the efficiency of transmission and distribution system. But we can achieve it by changing some of the equipments in the transmission as well as distribution systems. it will also be helpful in saving the fuel.

[1]. The Electricity Economy New Opportunities from the Transformation of the Electric Power Sector, August 2012
[2]. energy statistics 2012, central statistics office national statistical organisation ministry of statistics and
[3]. programme implementation government of india www.mospi.gov.in electricity distribution in india an overview
[4]. www.globalsmartenergy.com
[5]. www.abb.com.....